Analysis on the Functions of Administrative Law Enforcement Interpretation in China

The process of administrative law’s application is also the process of its interpretation. Administrative law enforcement interpretation has the functions of standardize administrative law enforcement, promote the development of the law, make up the bugs of law and other functions. These functions complement and supplement each other.Key words: administrative law enforcement; legal interpretation; Functional Analysis Résumé:  Le processus de la pratique du droit administratif est celui de l'application du droit administratif. L'application du droit administratif a plusieurs fonctions, telles que la normalisation de l'application du droit administratif, la promotion du développement de la loi et la réparation des failles de la loi. Ces fonctions se complètent mutuellement.Mots-Clés: application du droit administrative; interprétation juridique; analyses fonctionnelle

Influence of ultraviolet A radiation on osmolytes transport in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To demonstrate that ultraviolet A(UVA)induces osmolytes accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells.<p>METHODS: Under different experimental conditions such as UVA exposure, hyperosmotic stress condition and hypoosmotic stress condition, RPE cells were cultured for different time periods. The betaine /γ-amino- n-butyric acid(GABA)transporter, the sodium-dependent myoinositol transporter and the taurine transporter(TAUT)mRNA were measured by quantitative PCR. The radioactive labeled osmolytes were measured to evaluate the level of osmolytes transportation. <p>RESULTS: This study demonstrated that RPE expressed mRNA specific for the betaine/GABA transporter, for the sodium-dependent myoinositol transporter and for the TAUT. In comparison to norm osmotic(300mosmol/L)controls, a 3-5-fold induction of mRNA expression for the betaine/GABA transporter, the sodium-dependent myoinositol transporter and the TAUT was observed within 6-24h after hyperosmotic exposure(400mosmol/L). Expression of osmolyte transporters was associated with an increased uptake of radioactive labeled osmolytes. Conversely, hypoosmotic(200mosmol/L)stimulation induced significant efflux of these osmolytes. UVA significantly stimulated osmolyte uptake. Increased osmolyte uptake was associated with upregulation of mRNA steady-state levels for osmolyte transporters in irradiated cells.<p>CONCLUSION: UVA induces osmolyte uptake in RPE. It is similar reaction to hyperosmotic stress. This suggests that osmolyte uptake response by UVA may be important to maintain homeostasis