Shaping a subwavelength needle with ultra-long focal length by focusing azimuthally polarized light

10.1038/srep09977Scientific Reports

PTENless means more

AbstractRecent studies indicate that certain key molecules that are vital for various developmental processes, such as Wnt, Shh, and Notch, cause cancer when dysregulated. PTEN, a tumor suppressor that antagonizes the PI3 kinase pathway, is the newest one on the list. The biological function of PTEN is evolutionarily conserved from C. elegans to humans, and the PTEN-controlled signaling pathway regulates cellular processes crucial for normal development, including cell proliferation, soma growth, cell death, and cell migration. In this review, we will focus on the function of PTEN in murine development and its role in regulating stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. We will summarize the organomegaly phenotypes associated with Pten tissue-specific deletion and discuss how PTEN controls organ size, a fundamental aspect of development. Last, we will review the role of PTEN in hormone-dependent, adult-onset mammary and prostate gland development

Quantum metrology in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era

Quantum metrology pursues the physical realization of higher-precision measurements to physical quantities than the classically achievable limit by exploiting quantum features, such as entanglement and squeezing, as resources. It has potential applications in developing next-generation frequency standards, magnetometers, radar, and navigation. However, the ubiquitous decoherence in the quantum world degrades the quantum resources and forces the precision back to or even worse than the classical limit, which is called the no-go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and greatly hinders its applications. Therefore, how to realize the promised performance of quantum metrology in realistic noisy situations attracts much attention in recent years. We will review the principle, categories, and applications of quantum metrology. Special attention will be paid to different quantum resources that can bring quantum superiority in enhancing sensitivity. Then, we will introduce the no-go theorem of noisy quantum metrology and its active control under different kinds of noise-induced decoherence situations.Comment: Minireview of quantum metrology based on Lectures given at the summer school "Fundamental and Frontiers of Quantum Metrology and Quantum Computation" held in Bohai University, China, from 23 July to 8 Augus

Loss of Pten causes tumor initiation following differentiation of murine pluripotent stem cells due to failed repression of Nanog.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold significant promise in regenerative medicine due to their unlimited capacity for self-renewal and potential to differentiate into every cell type in the body. One major barrier to the use of PSCs is their potential risk for tumor initiation following differentiation and transplantation in vivo. In the current study we sought to evaluate the role of the tumor suppressor Pten in murine PSC neoplastic progression. Using eight functional assays that have previously been used to indicate PSC adaptation or transformation, Pten null embryonic stem cells (ESCs) failed to rate as significant in five of them. Instead, our data demonstrate that the loss of Pten causes the emergence of a small number of aggressive, teratoma-initiating embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs) during differentiation in vitro, while the remaining 90-95% of differentiated cells are non-tumorigenic. Furthermore, our data show that the mechanism by which Pten null ECCs emerge in vitro and cause tumors in vivo is through increased survival and self-renewal, due to failed repression of the transcription factor Nanog

AutoHint: Automatic Prompt Optimization with Hint Generation

This paper presents AutoHint, a novel framework for automatic prompt engineering and optimization for Large Language Models (LLM). While LLMs have demonstrated remarkable ability in achieving high-quality annotation in various tasks, the key to applying this ability to specific tasks lies in developing high-quality prompts. Thus we propose a framework to inherit the merits of both in-context learning and zero-shot learning by incorporating enriched instructions derived from input-output demonstrations to optimize original prompt. We refer to the enrichment as the hint and propose a framework to automatically generate the hint from labeled data. More concretely, starting from an initial prompt, our method first instructs a LLM to deduce new hints for selected samples from incorrect predictions, and then summarizes from per-sample hints and adds the results back to the initial prompt to form a new, enriched instruction. The proposed method is evaluated on the BIG-Bench Instruction Induction dataset for both zero-shot and few-short prompts, where experiments demonstrate our method is able to significantly boost accuracy for multiple tasks

Quantum phase transition of light in a 1-D photon-hopping-controllable resonator array

We give a concrete experimental scheme for engineering the insulator-superfluid transition of light in a one-dimensional (1-D) array of coupled superconducting stripline resonators. In our proposed architecture, the on-site interaction and the photon hopping rate can be tuned independently by adjusting the transition frequencies of the charge qubits inside the resonators and at the resonator junctions, respectively, which permits us to systematically study the quantum phase transition of light in a complete parameter space. By combining the techniques of photon-number-dependent qubit transition and fast read-out of the qubit state using a separate low-Q resonator mode, the statistical property of the excitations in each resonator can be obtained with a high efficiency. An analysis of the various decoherence sources and disorders shows that our scheme can serve as a guide to coming experiments involving a small number of coupled resonators.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

护理学生临床实习前锐器伤预防的认知情况调查研究

Objective: To investigate the cognition of sharp injury prevention among nursing students before the clinical practice in order to provide a basis for corresponding measures and active measures. Methods: In July 2014, a total of 232 nursing students in 3 A grade Hospital of Guangzhou, from 30 colleges and universities of 8 provinces, were tested by self-made questionnaire in regard to sharp injury prevention knowledge. Results: The awareness rate of occupational exposure, occupational exposure prevention, Guideline for prevention and control for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen by National Health and Family Planning Commission 2009 was 28.94% and 13.71%, 1.01%; and the highest score of sharp instrument injury prevention knowledge was 22 points, the lowest score was 4 points, with an average of 15.92 ± 2.59 points. Sharp injury knowledge gained from school education accounts for 87.31%, but the students who have not received relevant education accounts for 3.05%. Conclusion: The overall situation of occupational exposures cognition is not optimistic, the master of sharp instrument injury prevention knowledge is not complete; and related curriculum in part of the schools is unreasonable, or receives poor effect. Some schools need to adjust the curriculum, strengthen the prevention knowledge of sharp injuries, occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogen. Hospitals need to strengthen pre-job training of nursing students and strengthen the clinical teaching work. Schools and hospitals need to jointly explore teaching mode for nursing students, so as to promote the students to master the sharp instrument injury prevention knowledge, the implementation of relevant measures of protection, and ensure the safety of students and patients. 目的  对护理学生临床实习前锐器伤预防的认知情况进行了解，以便为采取积极有效的应对措施提供依据。方法  采用自行编制问卷对2014年7月广州市某三甲医院来自全国8省30所高等院校的232名护理实习学生的一般资料和锐器伤认知情况进行调查并分析。结果  职业暴露、职业暴露后预防、国家卫计委2009《血源性病原体职业接触防护导则》知晓率为28.94%、13.71%、1.01%；锐器伤预防知识最高得分22分，最低得分4分，均数为（15.92±2.59）分。锐器伤知识来源于学校教育为87.31%，而未接受过相关教育者为3.05%。结论  研究对象对职业暴露认知总体情况不容乐观；锐器伤预防知识掌握不全；部分学校相关课程设置不合理或教育效果欠佳。部分学校需调整课程设置，加强锐器伤预防、血源性病原体职业接触防护等相关知识的教育，医院需强化护理实习生岗前培训，加强临床带教工作，学校与医院需探讨共同教导护理实习学生模式，从而促进学生掌握锐器伤预防相关知识，落实相关防护措施，保障患者和学生的安全

The Influence of Cemented Paste Backfill on Groundwater Quality

AbstractThis little literature studies the influence of cemented paste backfill (CPB) on ground water in diggings based on quality comparison between tailings slurry, thickener overflow, indoor soak sample, and seepage of underground paste. Firstly, determine the proportion of injurious ingredient filled underground. Secondly, investigate the amount of hazardous material which are leached from paste during the long time soaking. At last, the detection is made on underground seepage water, and also sample's quality is judged by multi-object decision. The result shows, 16.74% ∼ 79.83% of injurious material in the tailings slurry has been filled into the underground, however, the soak and seepage water turned out to be level I and II when synthetically evaluated by five indexes, which shows the CPB would not pollute the underground water, and it is safe, also feasible to adopt CPB in mining industry

The linear and nonlinear Jaynes-Cummings model for the multiphoton transition

With the Jaynes-Cummings model, we have studied the atom and light field quantum entanglement of multiphoton transition, and researched the effect of initial state superposition coefficient $C_{1}$, the transition photon number $N$, the quantum discord $\delta$ and the nonlinear coefficient $\chi$ on the quantum entanglement degrees. We have given the quantum entanglement degrees curves with time evolution, and obtained some results, which should have been used in quantum computing and quantum information.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.0821, arXiv:1205.0979 by other author