13 research outputs found

    Paliperidone to treat psychotic disorders

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    Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of paliperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It covers the background and presentation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, as well as the mechanism of action and drug information for paliperidone. It covers the existing evidence of the use of paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Recent Findings: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lead to significant cognitive impairment. It is thought that dopamine dysreg-ulation is the culprit for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics, paliperidone has affinity for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Paliperidone was granted approval in the United States in 2006 to be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and in 2009 for schizoaffective disorder. Summary: Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have a large impact on cognitive impairment, positive symptoms and negative symptoms. Patients with either of these mental illnesses suffer from impairments in everyday life. Paliperidone has been shown to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

    Open Gender Platform: A Multi-Journal Setting for Gender Studies

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    <p>Die Fachgesellschaft Geschlechterstudien (FG) nimmt die Herausforderungen durch aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich E-Publishing und Open Access ernst und möchte durch die Entwicklung einer integrativen Open-Access-Plattform (OAP) die akademischen Publikationsgepflogenheiten kritisch diskutieren. Ziel ist es, ein attraktives Publikationsumfeld zu schaffen, das der Dynamisierung und Internationalisierung des Forschungsfeldes gerecht wird und geschlechterwissenschaftliche Forschungsergebnisse auch über die Fachkreise hinaus sichtbar macht. Als integratives Projekt wird die Plattform getragen von der FG sowie einer Vielzahl deutschsprachiger Institutionen der Geschlechterforschung; es schließt zudem an bestehende Projekte wie z.B. das Gender Repositorium der drei Berliner Universitäten an.<br> <br> Die erweiterbare OAP soll mehrere Publikationsformate unter einem Dach vereinen. Denkbar sind hier – neben bereits periodisch erscheinenden Journals – Monographien und Artikelsammlungen in Anlehnung an klassische Sammeleditionen. Gegenwärtig konzentrieren sich die Arbeiten auf die Gründung eines Megajournals für die Geschlechterforschung als erster und integraler Teil der Plattform – das „Open Gender Journal“. Durch die kontinuierliche, nicht themengebundene Erscheinungsweise, die Nutzung eines freien und fortschrittlichen Redaktionssystems (Open Journal Systems) sowie einer minimal restriktiven Lizenz (CC-BY) soll geschlechterwissenschaftliches Wissen schneller publiziert und somit diskutierbar werden. Ausgehend vom klassischen Peer Review soll einerseits die wissenschaftliche Anschlussfähigkeit gewährleistet werden; andererseits werden neuere, transparentere Qualitätssicherungsverfahren (z.B. Open Review) für die geplanten experimentellen Sektionen der Plattform (Open Section) einbezogen.<br> <br> Insgesamt wird über eine zeitgemäße Bereitstellung von Metadaten und technischen Schnittstellen eine professionelle Integration in Datenbanken und Nachweissysteme gewährleistet. Das gewählte Lizenzmodell ermöglicht darüber hinaus, Publikationen als Print-On-Demand zu veröffentlichen, um unterschiedlichen Lesegewohnheiten und Ansprüchen der Wissenschaftsgemeinde gerecht zu werden.</p

    A Purpose-Built System for Culturing Cells as <em>In Vivo</em> Mimetic 3D Structures

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    Culturing cells in 3D is often considered to be significantly more difficult than culturing them in 2D. In practice, this is not the case: the situation is that equipment needed for 3D cell culture has not been optimised as much as equipment for 2D. Here we present a few key features which must be considered when designing 3D cell culture equipment. These include diffusion gradients, shear stress and time. Diffusion gradients are unavoidably introduced when cells are cultured as clusters. Perhaps the most important consequence of this is that the resulting hypoxia is a major driving force in the metabolic reprogramming. Most cells in tissues do not experience liquid shear stress and it should therefore be minimised. Time is the factor that is most often overlooked. Cells, irrespective of their origin, are damaged when cultures are initiated: they need time to recover. All of these features can be readily combined into a clinostat incubator and bioreactor. Surprisingly, growing cells in a clinostat system do not require specialised media, scaffolds, ECM substitutes or growth factors. This considerably facilitates the transition to 3D. Most importantly, cells growing this way mirror cells growing in vivo and are thus valuable for biomedical research

    Immune-mediated beta-cell destruction in vitro and in vivo-A pivotal role for galectin-3.

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    Pro-apoptotic cytokines are toxic to the pancreatic β-cells and have been associated with the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Proteome analysis of IL-1β exposed isolated rat islets identified galectin-3 (gal-3) as the most up-regulated protein. Here analysis of human and rat islets and insulinoma cells confirmed IL-1β regulated gal-3 expression of several gal-3 isoforms and a complex in vivo expression profile during diabetes development in rats. Over-expression of gal-3 protected β-cells against IL-1β toxicity, with a complete blockage of JNK phosphorylation, essential for IL-1-mediated apoptosis. Mutation scanning of regulatory and coding regions of the gal-3 gene (LGALS3) identified six polymorphisms. A haplotype comprising three cSNPs showed significantly increased transmission to unaffected offspring in 257 T1D families and replicated in an independent set of 170 T1D families. In summary, combined proteome–transcriptome–genome and functional analyses identify gal-3 as a candidate gene/protein in T1D susceptibility that may prove valuable in future intervention/prevention strategies
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