The fall in marital fertility in nineteenth century France

Im Gesamtablauf des Bevölkerungsübergangs tritt Frankreich als ein Spezialfall mit einer beträchtlich geringeren Wachstumsrate als seine europäischen Nachbarn deutlich hervor. Der Beitrag untersucht das Schema des Rückgangs ehelicher Fruchtbarkeit in Frankreich auf nationaler Ebene. Außerdem werden die Gründe für die Veränderung von der Kontrolle der Fruchtbarkeit durch Heirat bis zu ihrer Einschränkung innerhalb der Ehe erklärt. (KWübers.)'In the over-all sequence of the population transition, France stands out as a special case with a considerably lower rate than its European neighbors. This paper explores the pattern of the fall in French marital fertility on the national level. Moreover, it also seeks to explain the causes of the change from controlling fertility by marriage to curbing it within marriage.' (author's abstract

Ecological Notes on Animals of the Churchill Region of Hudson Bay

The distribution and ecology of 26 mammals, 6 birds, and 1 amphibian are described. Northern range extensions are recorded for the pygmy shrew, arctic shrew, muskrat, heather vole, northern bog lemming and wood frog. A southern range extension of the arctic ground squirrel is noted following its being observed for the first time in Manitoba. Observation of a great blue heron at Churchill, far from its usual range in southern Manitoba, is also recorded. The number of species of small mammals on two-hectare quadrats in marsh, prairie, shrub, and savanna along the grassland-coniferous forest transition in southern Manitoba was 1.8 to 3.0 times greater than in beach-meadow, tundra, shrub, and open-forest quadrats along the coniferous forest-tundra transition of northern Manitoba, while the total population was 1.8 to 3.4 times greater

Developing design capability in nonprofit organizations

© 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This article presents findings from a two-year longitudinal action, research study exploring the challenges and outcomes of attempting to develop design capability in one of Australia’s largest non-profit aged-care providers. The research identifies four distinct objectives for design utilization in practice, and suggests that existing approaches for design utilization overlook non-profit organizations that seek both economic and social viability. While the objectives of realizing economic and social outcomes are addressed in design literature, there is an absence of literature detailing how non-profit organizations could utilize design to realize these outcomes. This research, therefore, contributes the non-profit design ladder-a framework to assist non-profit organizations to further develop their utilization of design and foster design as an organizational capability

Arctic Fox Migrations in Manitoba

A review is provided of the long-range movements and migratory behaviour of the arctic fox in Manitoba. During the period 1919-75, peaks in population tended to occur at three-year intervals, the number of foxes trapped in any particular year varying between 24 and 8,400. Influxes of foxes into the boreal forest were found to follow decreases in the population of their lemming prey along the west coast of Hudson Bay. One fox was collected in 1974 in the aspen-oak transition zone of southern Manitoba, 840 km from Hudson Bay and almost 1000 km south of the barren-ground tundra, evidently after one of the farthest overland movements of the species ever recorded in North America

Potential implications of the novel coronavirus for the Greeley, CO meat-processing industry

Includes bibliographical references.Food Systems, Colorado State University

Rapid Electrophoretic Verification of Varietal Identity: Application to 30 Current Australian Wheats

Established and supported under the Australian Government’s Cooperative Research Centre Progra

Changes in soil nutrient status and seedling performance in response to harvest intensity on upland, shallow site types in Northwestern Ontario : 10th year results

Although based on limited empirical data, concerns have been raised that increased nutrient removals associated with full-tree harvesting on shallow-soiled sites may result in reduced productivity in subsequent rotations. The objective of this study, therefore, was to compare and contrast the soil nutrient status and early stand development that resulted from a range of harvest intensities (i.e., a gradient of biomass and nutrient removals), including a full-tree harvest treatment, to determine if such treatments did result in reduced site productivity. The sites (3) selected for the study were mature, fire-origin, black spruce-dominated stands with well-drained, shallow-to-bedrock (<20 cm of mineral soil overtopped by a moderately thin Fibrimor humus layer), coarse loamy soils. Experimental harvests were conducted in 1995 that consisted of five, replicated (3) treatments: uncut (UC), tree-length (TL)--delimbed at the stump, full-tree chipping (FTC)--chipped debris was returned to the harvested plot, full-tree (FTH)--delimbed at roadside, whole-tree (WTH)--complete removal of vegetation and forest floor

Signal peptide peptidases and gamma-secretase: Cousins of the same protease family?

Signal peptide peptidase (SPIP) is an unusual aspartyl protease, which mediates clearance of signal peptides by proteolysis within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Like presenilins, which provide the proteolytically active subunit of the,gamma-secretase complex, SPP contains a conserved GxGD motif in its C-terminal domain which is critical for its activity. While SPIP is known to be an aspartyl protease of the GxGD type, several presenilin homologues/SPP-like proteins (PSHs/ SPPL) of unknown function have been identified by database searches. In contrast to SPP and SPPL3, which are both restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum, SPPL2b is targeted through the secretory pathway to endosomes/lysosomes. As suggested by the differential subcellular localization of SPPL2b and SPPL3 distinct phenotypes were found upon antisense gripNA-mediated knockdown in zebrafish. spp and sppl3 knockdowns in zebrafish result in cell death within the central nervous system, whereas reduction of sppl2b expression causes erythrocyte accumulation in an enlarged caudal vein. Moreover, expression of D/A mutants of the putative C-terminal active sites of spp, sppl2, and spp13 produced phenocopies of the respective knockdown phenotypes. These data suggest that all investigated PSHs/SPPLs are members of the novel family of GxGD aspartyl proteases. More recently, it was shown that SPPL2b utilizes multiple intramembrane cleavages to liberate the TNF(x intracellular domain into the cytosol and to release the C-terminal counterpart into the lumen. These findings suggest common principles of intramembrane proteolysis by GxGD type aspartyl proteases. In this article,we will review the similarities of SPPs and gamma-secretase based on recent findings by us and others