4,168 research outputs found
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONALITY OF PUNCTUATION ON TWITTER
This work presents an analysis of punctuation use in computer-mediated communication (CMC); in particular, the present study aims to describe the pragmatic functions of nonstandard punctuation on Twitter, providing a corpus-driven overview of the distribution and frequency of nonstandard punctuation use, and an analysis of sampled tweets at the individual tweet level to estimate noise levels in the overall corpus. A survey was also conducted which aimed to identify user understanding of the affective content of nonstandard punctuation strings and to identify any possible effects of character repetition. Survey results indicate that linguistic content was the strongest indicator of affective understanding, type of punctuation (i.e., ?, !, and combinations thereof) was a weaker indicator of some affective content, and repetition was not found to be significant. The study argues that certain string types, possibly defined by punctuation type and not count, have large indexical fields of pragmatic meaning available to them, which are bounded by context. In light of these observations, the study also proposes distinctions/categories of punctuation strings and their associated pragmatic meanings
The infrared imaging spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: sensitivities and simulations
We present sensitivity estimates for point and resolved astronomical sources
for the current design of the InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) on the
future Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). IRIS, with TMT's adaptive optics system,
will achieve unprecedented point source sensitivities in the near-infrared
(0.84 - 2.45 {\mu}m) when compared to systems on current 8-10m ground based
telescopes. The IRIS imager, in 5 hours of total integration, will be able to
perform a few percent photometry on 26 - 29 magnitude (AB) point sources in the
near-infrared broadband filters (Z, Y, J, H, K). The integral field
spectrograph, with a range of scales and filters, will achieve good
signal-to-noise on 22 - 26 magnitude (AB) point sources with a spectral
resolution of R=4,000 in 5 hours of total integration time. We also present
simulated 3D IRIS data of resolved high-redshift star forming galaxies (1 < z <
5), illustrating the extraordinary potential of this instrument to probe the
dynamics, assembly, and chemical abundances of galaxies in the early universe.
With its finest spatial scales, IRIS will be able to study luminous, massive,
high-redshift star forming galaxies (star formation rates ~ 10 - 100 M yr-1) at
~100 pc resolution. Utilizing the coarsest spatial scales, IRIS will be able to
observe fainter, less massive high-redshift galaxies, with integrated star
formation rates less than 1 M yr-1, yielding a factor of 3 to 10 gain in
sensitivity compared to current integral field spectrographs. The combination
of both fine and coarse spatial scales with the diffraction-limit of the TMT
will significantly advance our understanding of early galaxy formation
processes and their subsequent evolution into presentday galaxies.Comment: SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation 201
Nutrition practices and knowledge among NCAA Division III football players
Participation in collegiate American football is physically demanding and may have long-term health implications, particularly in relation to cardiovascular and neurological health. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III (DIII) football players are a relatively unstudied population, particularly in terms of their dietary habits and knowledge. The aim of the present study was to descriptively evaluate the dietary intake of DIII football players including a subset of linemen and assess the nutritional knowledge and sources of information of these athletes
The Lasting Effects Of Social Media Trends On Advertising
Americans are exposed to an astounding number of advertising messages every day. The result of this bombardment of advertising on society is that consumers have become increasingly resistant to traditional forms of advertising. After spending millions of dollars on mass advertising that consumers tend to block out and ignore, marketers have re-evaluated their advertising methods and are following holistic marketing concepts that focus on customer relationship marketing and more creative, understated ads instead of in-your-face billboards and loud television segments. This paper explores social media trends, including social media opportunities and mobile marketing, and the potentially lasting effects that these trends have on advertising
The Lasting Effects Of Social Media Trends On Advertising
Americans are exposed to an astounding number of advertising messages every day. The result of this bombardment of advertising on society is that consumers have become increasingly resistant to traditional forms of advertising. After spending millions of dollars on mass advertising that consumers tend to block out and ignore, marketers have re-evaluated their advertising methods and are following holistic marketing concepts that focus on customer relationship marketing and more creative, understated ads instead of in-your-face billboards and loud television segments. This paper explores social media trends, including social media opportunities and mobile marketing, and the potentially lasting effects that these trends have on advertising
The infrared imaging spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: spectrograph design
The Infra-Red Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) is one of the three first light
instruments for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and is the only one to
directly sample the diffraction limit. The instrument consists of a parallel
imager and off-axis Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) for optimum use of the
near infrared (0.84um-2.4um) Adaptive Optics corrected focal surface. We
present an overview of the IRIS spectrograph that is designed to probe a range
of scientific targets from the dynamics and morphology of high-z galaxies to
studying the atmospheres and surfaces of solar system objects, the latter
requiring a narrow field and high Strehl performance. The IRIS spectrograph is
a hybrid system consisting of two state of the art IFS technologies providing
four plate scales (4mas, 9mas, 25mas, 50mas spaxel sizes). We present the
design of the unique hybrid system that combines the power of a lenslet
spectrograph and image slicer spectrograph in a configuration where major
hardware is shared. The result is a powerful yet economical solution to what
would otherwise require two separate 30m-class instruments.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Prospects for measuring supermassive black hole masses with future extremely large telescopes
The next generation of giant-segmented mirror telescopes ( 20 m) will
enable us to observe galactic nuclei at much higher angular resolution and
sensitivity than ever before. These capabilities will introduce a revolutionary
shift in our understanding of the origin and evolution of supermassive black
holes by enabling more precise black hole mass measurements in a mass range
that is unreachable today. We present simulations and predictions of the
observations of nuclei that will be made with the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)
and the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectrograph IRIS, which is
capable of diffraction-limited spectroscopy from band (0.9 m) to
band (2.2 m). These simulations, for the first time, use realistic values
for the sky, telescope, adaptive optics system, and instrument, to determine
the expected signal-to-noise ratio of a range of possible targets spanning
intermediate mass black holes of \msun to the most massive black
holes known today of . We find that IRIS will be able to
observe Milky Way-mass black holes out the distance of the Virgo cluster, and
will allow us to observe many more brightest cluster galaxies where the most
massive black holes are thought to reside. We also evaluate how well the
kinematic moments of the velocity distributions can be constrained at the
different spectral resolutions and plate scales designed for IRIS. We find that
a spectral resolution of will be necessary to measure the masses of
intermediate mass black holes. By simulating the observations of galaxies found
in SDSS DR7, we find that over massive black holes will be observable at
distances between with the estimated sensitivity and angular
resolution provided by access to -band (0.9 m) spectroscopy from IRIS
and the TMT adaptive optics system. (Abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 20 figures, accepted to A
Treatment Failure Among Infected Periprosthetic Patients at a Highly Specialized Revision TKA Referral Practice
Deep infection is a serious and costly complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which can increase patient morbidity and compromise functional outcome and satisfaction. Two-stage revision with an interval of parental antibiotics has been shown to be the most successful treatment in eradicating deep infection following TKA. We report a large series by a single surgeon with a highly specialized revision TKA referral practice. We identified 84 patients treated by a two-stage revision. We defined “successful two-stage revision” as negative intraoperative cultures and no further infection-related procedure. We defined “eradication of infection” on the basis of negative cultures and clinical diagnosis. After a mean follow up of 25 months, eradication of the infection was documented in 90.5% of the patients; some had undergone further surgical intervention after the index two-stage procedure. Successful two-stage revision (e.g. no I&D, fusion, amputation) was documented only in 63.5% of the patients. We also observed a trend between presence of resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) (p=0.05) as well as pre-revision surgical procedures (p=0.08) and a lower likelihood of successfully two-stage revision. Factors affecting the high failure rate included multiple surgeries prior to the two-stage revision done at our institution, and high prevalence of MRSA present among failed cases. The relatively high rate of failure to achieve a successful two-stage revision observed in our series may be attributed to the highly specialized referral practice. Thus increasing the prevalence of patients with previous failed attempts at infection eradication and delayed care as well as more fragile and immune compromised hosts
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