Off-Normal Solar-Optical Performance of Pleated Drapery: Simulation versus Measurement

© 2016 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Conference Papers, Winter Conference, Orlando, FL. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.In recent years, significant advances have been made in modeling fenestration with shading attachments. Most shading devices have great potential for reducing both peak building cooling load and annual energy consumption through the control of solar gains, and the ability to quantify their impact is important. As part of an ASHRAE sponsored research project, several new models were developed for various types of shading devices. One of the most complex of these was the pleated drapery model. This model uses off-normal solar-optical fabric properties to predict the off-normal solar-optical properties of the pleated drapery. In doing so, the model assumes that the system could be represented as a series of uniformly arranged rectangular pleats. The work presented here aims to validate model performance. A Broad-Area Illumination Integrating Sphere (BAI-IS) was used to perform solar transmittance measurements on pleated drape samples. The BAI-IS is capable of measuring optical properties of thick and non-uniform samples. Five pleated drape samples composed of fabrics with different transmittance and reflectance were used in measurements. Results were compared to the model output for different incidence angles. Predicted transmittances were generally within ±0.05 of measured values although there could be an overprediction as much as +0.11 for normal incidence test cases of high transmittance test samples. This discrepancy can be attributed to the geometric difference between the model and the test samples.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC

An Examination of Keyes Universal Chart: 50 Years Later

© 2016 ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Conference Papers, Winter Conference, Orlando, FL. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.From the late 1940's to the late 1960's, significant efforts were made by ASHVE and then ASHRAE to evaluate and quantify the impact of window shading. In the context of the now defunct Shading Coefficient, well known researchers such as Parmelee, Ozisik, Schutrum, Farber, Yellott, and Keyes laid the groundwork for much of the work that followed decades later. Of particular interest are the efforts of Keyes. In his work, he produced a method of classifying fabric based either on visible inspection, or on property measurements. The result was the Keyes Universal Chart, which was first published in the 1965 ASHRAE Guide and Data Book, and has been part of the Fenestration Chapter of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals since its inception. The chart compares fabric transmittance, reflectance, and openness. It also permits estimation of these properties by making generalized fabric classifications based on a subjective analysis of how light or dark the fabric is, and how open or closed the fabric weave is. More recently, significant efforts have been made to produce window shading models for use in building simulation and daylighting analysis. As part of this research, shading materials have been analyzed using modern and highly accurate spectrophotometric equipment. Unfortunately, that data has revealed inaccuracy in Keyes Universal Chart. The present work examines this inaccuracy.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC

Thermal Resistance of a Window with an Enclosed Venetian Blind: A Simplified Model

©2008, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 114, Part 1. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission.Solar gain has a strong influence on building energy consumption and peak cooling load. Venetian blinds are routinely used to control solar gain. Software based on 1-D models is available to accurately predict the thermal performance of glazing systems but the development of models for shading devices is at a very early stage. An accurate model has been formulated to quantify the thermal resistance of a glazing system with an enclosed venetian blind. It is possible to account for pane spacing, slat angle, alternate fill gases and the presence of a low-emissivity coating. Effective longwave optical properties are assigned to the blind layer in order to calculate radiant heat transfer. An exceptionally simple model for convective heat transfer, the reduced slat length (RSL) model, has been developed on the basis of guarded heater plate measurements. CFD results reveal reasons for the very close agreement between measurement and the RSL model. The new simulation capability can be applied to the quantification of U-factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient. The simplicity of the RSL model is particularly valuable in the context of building energy simulation where CPU time must be used sparingly.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) || The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

Thermal Resistance of a Window with an Enclosed Venetian Blind: Guarded Heater Plate Measurements

©2006, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 112, Part 2. For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE’s prior written permission.Window solar gain is known to have a strong influence on building energy consumption and peak cooling load. Venetian blinds are routinely used to control solar gain. Software based on one-dimensional models is available to accurately predict the thermal performance of glazing systems, but the develop-ment of models for windows with shading devices is at a very early stage. A guarded heater plate apparatus has been used to measure center-glass heat transfer rates through a double-glazed window with a venetian blind in the glazing cavity. Vari-ables examined include pane spacing, temperature difference, slat angle, and the presence of a low-emissivity coating. Results were compared with earlier measurements. The data collected provide direct guidance in the development of models to predict U-factor and solar gain for this type of glazing/shad-ing system, leading to a more structured and quantitative design procedure.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council || Golden Windows Ltd. (Kitchener, Ontario

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 24, Folk Festival Supplement

• Folk Images of Rural Pennsylvania • Old Hymns in the Country Church • The Kutztown Folk Festival is for Children Too • A Forgotten Art Becoming Popular: Leathercraft • In the Country Kitchen: Pennsylvania Dutch Dishes are Created by Instinct • Visible but Unseen: The Festival Service Crews • Festival Highlights • Folk Festival Program • Three Times - And Sold! • Basketmaking at the Festival • The Christmas House • Music on the Main Stage • Metal Casting in Sand at the Festival • Windmills and Farm Water Supply: Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No. 40https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1064/thumbnail.jp

Study protocol: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge trial of tailored support for implementing social determinants of health documentation/action in community health centers, with realist evaluation

Abstract Background National leaders recommend documenting social determinants of health and actions taken to address social determinants of health in electronic health records, and a growing body of evidence suggests the health benefits of doing so. However, little evidence exists to guide implementation of social determinants of health documentation/action. Methods This paper describes a 5-year, mixed-methods, stepped-wedge trial with realist evaluation, designed to test the impact of providing 30 community health centers with step-by-step guidance on implementing electronic health record-based social determinants of health documentation. This guidance will entail 6 months of tailored support from an interdisciplinary team, including training and technical assistance. We will report on tailored support provided at each of five implementation steps; impact of tailored implementation support; a method for tracking such tailoring; and context-specific pathways through which these tailored strategies effect change. We will track the competencies and resources needed to support the study clinics’ implementation efforts. Discussion Results will inform how to tailor implementation strategies to meet local needs in real-world practice settings. Secondary analyses will assess impacts of social determinants of health documentation and referral-making on diabetes outcomes. By learning whether and how scalable, tailored implementation strategies help community health centers adopt social determinants of health documentation and action, this study will yield timely guidance to primary care providers. We are not aware of previous studies exploring implementation strategies that support adoption of social determinants of action using electronic health and interventions, despite the pressing need for such guidance. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03607617 , registration date: 7/31/2018—retrospectively registere

Origins Space Telescope:From First Light to Life

The Origins Space Telescope is one of four large missions studied by by the community with NASA support in preparation for the Decadal Survey