Synchronous neural oscillations in Parkinson’s disease: Variability and its potential network mechanisms

poster abstractRecent studies indicate that patterns of oscillatory synchronous activity in Basal Ganglia (BG) may be relevant to BG physiology and disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oscillations in BG, in particular, in relation to motor control, are observed in different species, different conditions and different dopaminergic states (e.g., PD vs. normal). The rich membrane properties of BG neurons easily support oscillatory behavior. Correlations of oscillatory activity between different BG locations depend on the brain state and are dynamically organized. A general feature of BG oscillations is strong power and correlations of the β-band activity when no movement is performed and replacement of β with γ-band activity during movement. Dopamine-depleted state, such as PD, is marked by increase of oscillatory and synchronous activity, in particular in the β-band. This study explores the dynamical nature of these oscillations on short time-scales

Synchronous neural oscillations in Parkinson’s disease: Variability and its potential network mechanisms

poster abstractRecent studies indicate that patterns of oscillatory synchronous activity in Basal Ganglia (BG) may be relevant to BG physiology and disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oscillations in BG, in particular, in relation to motor control, are observed in different species, different conditions and different dopaminergic states (e.g., PD vs. normal). The rich membrane properties of BG neurons easily support oscillatory behavior. Correlations of oscillatory activity between different BG locations depend on the brain state and are dynamically organized. A general feature of BG oscillations is strong power and correlations of the β-band activity when no movement is performed and replacement of β with γ-band activity during movement. Dopamine-depleted state, such as PD, is marked by increase of oscillatory and synchronous activity, in particular in the β-band. This study explores the dynamical nature of these oscillations on short time-scales

Phage Therapy of Mycobacterium Infections: Compassionate Use of Phages in 20 Patients With Drug-Resistant Mycobacterial Disease

Background: Nontuberculous Mycobacterium infections, particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, are increasingly common among patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchiectatic lung diseases. Treatment is challenging due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage therapy represents a potentially novel approach. Relatively few active lytic phages are available and there is great variation in phage susceptibilities among M. abscessus isolates, requiring personalized phage identification. Methods: Mycobacterium isolates from 200 culture-positive patients with symptomatic disease were screened for phage susceptibilities. One or more lytic phages were identified for 55 isolates. Phages were administered intravenously, by aerosolization, or both to 20 patients on a compassionate use basis and patients were monitored for adverse reactions, clinical and microbiologic responses, the emergence of phage resistance, and phage neutralization in serum, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results: No adverse reactions attributed to therapy were seen in any patient regardless of the pathogen, phages administered, or the route of delivery. Favorable clinical or microbiological responses were observed in 11 patients. Neutralizing antibodies were identified in serum after initiation of phage delivery intravenously in 8 patients, potentially contributing to lack of treatment response in 4 cases, but were not consistently associated with unfavorable responses in others. Eleven patients were treated with only a single phage, and no phage resistance was observed in any of these. Conclusions: Phage treatment of Mycobacterium infections is challenging due to the limited repertoire of therapeutically useful phages, but favorable clinical outcomes in patients lacking any other treatment options support continued development of adjunctive phage therapy for some mycobacterial infections

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd