Meeting the challenges of myocarditis: New opportunities for prevention, detection, and intervention-a report from the 2021 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop of international experts to discuss new research opportunities for the prevention, detection, and intervention of myocarditis in May 2021. These experts reviewed the current state of science and identified key gaps and opportunities in basic, diagnostic, translational, and therapeutic frontiers to guide future research in myocarditis. In addition to addressing community-acquired myocarditis, the workshop also focused on emerging causes of myocarditis including immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 related myocardial injuries and considered the use of systems biology and artificial intelligence methodologies to define workflows to identify novel mechanisms of disease and new therapeutic targets. A new priority is the investigation of the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH), including race and economic status, and inflammatory response and outcomes in myocarditis. The result is a proposal for the reclassification of myocarditis that integrates the latest knowledge of immunological pathogenesis to refine estimates of prognosis and target pathway-specific treatments

Phrasal verbs in L2 English: EFL and ESL compared

Although phrasal verbs in English are widely recognized as forming a single unit, as evidenced among others by the fact that they often have a one-word equivalent (e.g. ‘give up’ = ‘abandon’, see Siyanova and Schmitt 2007), they are made up of two elements, a verb and a particle, which are sometimes separated from each other (e.g. ‘He filled it up’). This special feature makes the phrasal verb a particularly interesting multiword unit to investigate, especially among non-native speakers of English, since phrasal verbs are said to be “one of the most notoriously challenging aspects of English language instruction” (Gardner and Davies 2007: 339). This presentation will centre around phrasal verbs with ‘up’, which will be studied in two types of non-native English, namely English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL). The approach will be corpus-based, relying on the phrasal verbs extracted from written and spoken corpora of EFL (the International Corpus of Learner English and the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage) and ESL (different sections of the International Corpus of English), as well as comparable corpora of English as a native language (ENL), namely the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays, the Louvain Corpus of Native English Conversation and the British component of the International Corpus of English. The frequency of phrasal verbs will be compared across the EFL, ESL and ENL corpora, with special focus on the possible differences between speech and writing, since phrasal verbs are often thought to be more typical of speech than of writing (Marks 2005). Preferences in terms of construction will also be compared, and in particular the distinction between V-Obj-Prt and V-Prt-Obj (see also Gilquin 2015). These comparisons should provide insights into the use and possibly processing of phrasal verbs by two types of non-native speakers who both use English as an additional language, but who differ in the way they have acquired it

SITC 2018 workshop report: Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers: State of the Art

Abstract Identification of biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy that predict therapeutic response and/or limit adverse events are a critical need in the field. To address recent progress and hurdles around cancer biomarker development and utilization, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a workshop, “Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers: State of the Art,” on May 16–17, 2018. Topics discussed included challenges in handling biospecimens, identification and validation of new biomarkers, data sharing, and collaborating across disciplines to advance biomarker development. Panel discussions followed session presentations to help foster participant conversation and discuss future projects and collaborations. The results of the Workshop include the development of new initiatives for the SITC Biomarkers Committee