Lymph node metastasis in oral cancer

In 2 volsSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX185619 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Diagnosis and management of parotid carcinoma with a special focus on recent advances in molecular biology.

Recent progress in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcome of parotid cancer is reviewed. Modern imaging allows evaluation of the anatomical extent of the cancer and its relationship to the facial nerve, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological Classification facilitates accurate, consistent diagnosis. Surgery remains the treatment of choice with preservation of a functioning facial nerve. Resection of the facial nerve should only be undertaken when there is clinical evidence of nerve dysfunction. The NO neck should be treated in advanced-stage and high-grade cancers, but the choice between elective surgery and elective irradiation remains controversial. Low-stage, low-grade tumors can generally be cured by surgery alone. Postoperative radiotherapy improves locoregional control in all other tumor stages and grades. Currently, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to parotid cancer offer few options for a class of neoplasms that has many subtypes each with a unique molecular background and variable clinical behavior. Nonetheless, this approach results in a satisfactory locoregional cancer control, making distant metastasis the most frequent cause for treatment failure. At present, systemic treatment for distant failure is disappointing, although recent progress in molecular biology has suggested that adding targeted therapy should achieve tumor response or stabilization. Although disease control remains variable, the prognosis of individual patients can be increasingly accurately predicted by multivariate analysis

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck.

Item does not contain fulltextLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that usually occurs in the lung. Although rare in the head and neck, salivary and mucosal subtypes are recognized. This article describes their characteristic light microscopic and immunohistochemical features and highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis, management and prognostic implications.1 maart 201

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: a single squamous cell carcinoma subtype or two distinct entities hiding under one histologic pattern?

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Advances and applications of oral cancer basic research

Item does not contain fulltextCancer of the oral cavity accounts for almost 3% of cancer cases in the world. The incidence varies widely reflecting geographic differences in exposure to risk factors. The recent rise in younger age groups and females seen in many countries is of particular concern. Treatment and management of complications, locoregional recurrence and further primary tumors result in high morbidity and mortality especially when the disease is advanced stage at initial diagnosis. Progress in cancer research has provided abundant new knowledge about cellular processes and molecular biology underlying oral carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The present review attempts to summarize the current most widely-used research approaches and their application in the prevention, diagnosis, effective treatment, and improved outcome of oral cancer

Distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Part I. Basic aspects

Item does not contain fulltextThe incidence of distant metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively low but remains a major determinant of prognosis and therefore an important factor in clinical decision making. The most frequently involved sites for distant metastasis are the lung (approximately 70% of cases), followed by bone and liver. There are often conflicting reports on which parameters are risk factors for distant metastasis, but the most important predictive factors appear to be the site of the primary tumor (hypopharynx in particular), advanced T- and N-classification, histological grade and the ability to achieve locoregional disease control. Metastasis results from a selection of tumor cells that have acquired the properties to withstand multiple and often unfavorable circumstances and settle in distant organs. Most of these processes involve interaction between tumor cells, their microenvironment and host factors. Increasing knowledge of the biology of distant metastasis may result in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeted to this usually terminal stage for patients with HNSCC.1 september 201

DESA1002 'Continuous City' David Luc

My site is located in Spain, Madrid on a corner lot of Calle Mayor st. The majority of the surrounding buildings are retail stores on the ground floor with apartments situated on top. My design proposal focuses on motorcycle hire and purchase, the supply of motorcycle goods as well as hospitality services. The building design is 5 split floors dividing the numerous services. The ground floor focuses on the hospitality services and the above on the retail and sales facilities. The hospitality services include a cafe with an outdoor terrace for consumers. The cafe is for customers who are waiting for their bike to be serviced or even external customers just wanting a coffee. My structure contains specific features which enhance the overall design in relation to aesthetics and function. The split levels generate greater ceiling heights and optional views to levels above and below. These views create excitement and a sense of adventure. Wide glazed windows allow sufficient solar access and vertical louvers permit solar control. Internally i have created a race track theme which can be identified in the circulation from floor to floor. Rather than having a single lift to all floors, stairs located at different points on each floor encourage customers to venture throughout the building and experience the unique structure. This theme combined with the split level differentiates from a general flat floor plan as it provides variety when circulating throughout the building as well as creating numerous views which can prove to be exiting and adventurous

Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastases in Head and Neck Malignancies

Item does not contain fulltextRetropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) metastasis of primary head and neck cancer often receives less consideration than lymph node metastasis in the neck. With improvements in imaging techniques and reports of surgical pathology, there is an improved understanding of the risk and subsequently the need for treatment of RPLNs. The rates of RPLN metastasis from carcinomas of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, postcricoid region, maxillary sinus, and cervical esophagus are sufficiently high to warrant routine treatment, either electively or therapeutically, of this region. Through improved diagnostic techniques and heightened awareness of RPLN metastasis, patients at risk of having these metastases can be treated more effectively

Double reporting and second opinion in head and neck pathology

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