Near-Complete Teleportation of a Superposed Coherent State

The four Bell-type entangled coherent states, |\alpha>|-\alpha> \pm |-\alpha> |\alpha> and |\alpha>|\alpha> \pm |-\alpha> |-\alpha>, can be discriminated with a high probability using only linear optical means, as long as |\alpha| is not too small. Based on this observation, we propose a simple scheme to almost completely teleport a superposed coherent state. The nonunitary transformation, that is required to complete the teleportation, can be achieved by embedding the receiver's field state in a larger Hilbert space consisting of the field and a single atom and performing a unitary transformation on this Hilbert space.Comment: 4 pages,3 figures, Two columns, LaTex2

Editorial Special issue: Managing logistics processes and redesigning logistics networks

Transport and logistics are essential to modern societies including Europe. Not only do they enable an unprecedented mobility to individuals, they also offer us a wide variety of products and services affecting our world view and even our portrayal of mankind. The main functions being taken and provided by transport and logistics are geographic and time utility – the former is enhanced by linking scattered locations in a harmonised manner, while the latter is enhanced by offering that what is needed, at the right time. These functions become even more evident as we are now living in an era of globalisation

A Proposed Scale-Dependent Cosmology for the Inhomogeneous Cosmology

We propose a scale-dependent cosmology in which the Robertson--Walker metric and the Einstein equation are modified in such a way that $\Omega_0$, $H_0$ and the age of the Universe all become scale-dependent. Its implications on the observational cosmology and possible modifications of the standard Friedmann cosmology are discussed. For example, the age of the Universe in this model is longer than that of the standard model.Comment: 28 pages, RevTex, no figures, to be run twic

Long Memory and FIGARCH Models for Daily and High Frequency Commodity Prices

Daily futures returns on six important commodities are found to be well described as FIGARCH fractionally integrated volatility processes, with small departures from the martingale in mean property. The paper also analyzes several years of high frequency intra day commodity futures returns and finds very similar long memory in volatility features at this higher frequency level. Semi parametric Local Whittle estimation of the long memory parameter supports the conclusions. Estimating the long memory parameter across many different data sampling frequencies provides consistent estimates of the long memory parameter, suggesting that the series are self-similar. The results have important implications for future empirical work using commodity price and returns data.Commodity returns, Futures markets, Long memory, FIGARCH

Exercise training reverses age-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase upregulation

The risk of injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress increases in skeletal muscle with aging. It has been postulated that pro-oxidant signaling, including upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to inflammation, pathology, and aging in the brain, liver and heart. Exercise training reduces the risk of injury and inflammation. The purpose of this study was: 1) to identify the mechanisms that upregulate iNOS, pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle, and 2) to identify the mechanisms by which exercise training reduces pro-oxidant signaling. Protein levels and activity of iNOS were measured in 4 groups of male Fischer-344 rats (5 mo and 24 mo, n=10/group), old-control (OC), old-trained (OT), young-control (YC), and young-trained (YT). Exercise training protocol was 60 min at 15 m/min at 15° incline for 5 d/wk for 12 wk. Both iNOS protein expression and activity were significantly higher in OC compared to YC, but exercise training reversed the elevation of iNOS levels lower than OC in tibialis anterior. Surprisingly, NF-κB DNA binding activity was significantly lower in OC than YC, while increased with exercise training in white and red gastrocnemius in both OT and YT. In contrast, protein expression of p65, a regulatory subunit of NF-κB was significantly greater in OC than YC, while exercise training significantly reduced p65 in OT compared to OC from the white gastrocnemius. These data indicate that regulation of NF-κB activity with aging is post-translational and alterations in iNOS expression may result from alternative NF-κB pathways. As decreased NF-κB activity with aging could result in downstream increase in pro-apoptotic signaling, we tested follow-up hypotheses that aging would increase pro-apoptotic regulator Bax and decrease the anti-apoptotic regulator Bcl-2. Bax increased while Bcl-2 decreased in OC in white gastrocnemius when compared to YC. In contrast, exercise training resulted in a dramatic upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax protein expression in OT when compared to OC. These novel results indicate that alterations in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling occur in skeletal muscle during the aging process. Importantly, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that exercise training reverses age-induced changes in pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling