AgNb7O18 : an ergodic relaxor ferroelectric

AgNb7O18 is an ergodic relaxor ferroelectric at room temperature with an incipient transition to the nonergodic state. Electron diffraction confirms a locally polar symmetry, while X-ray diffraction perceives a nonpolar structure. All ions are repelled away from zones where NbO6 octahedra are edge-sharing

Growth is Failing the Poor: The Unbalanced Distribution of the Benefits and Costs of Global Economic Growth

During 1990-2001, only 0.6 per cent of additional global income per capita contributed to reducing poverty below the $1-a-day line, down from 2.2 per cent during 1981-1990, and barely half the poor’s share of global income. Coupled with the constraints on global growth associated with climate change, and the disproportionately adverse net impact of climate change on the poor, this casts serious doubt on the dominant view that global growth should be the primary means of poverty reduction. Rather than growth, policies and the global economic system should focus directly on achieving social and environmental objectives.Economic growth, income distribution, world inequality, poverty, environment, climate change

British fair play: sport across diasporas at the BBC World Service

This chapter uses archive material to explore the role of sports broadcasting on the BBC World Service in the twentieth century.Whereas the service's early audiences were expatriate British listeners, the BBC WS recruited different diasporic audiences later into the twentieth century.This chapter looks at specific sports and at the accommodations of the tensions between the WS's links with both Empire and with discourses of impartiaility, which have led to both endurances in the postcolonialist aspects of sport as well as new opportunities for reconfigurations of diaspora

Ferroelectricity in the xAg2Nb4O11–(1−x)Na2Nb4O11 solid solution

Compositions in the (AgxNa1-x)2Nb4O11 solid solution have been prepared by a conventional solid state method. Composites containing Ag2Nb4O11 have been shown to be ferroelectric and the Curie temperature shown to decrease from 149 °C at x = 1 to 62 °C at x = 0.7. Roomtemperature compositions with x ≤ 0.7 are monoclinic, while those with x ≥ 0.8 are rhombohedral with structures consistent with the relevant end-members. At x = 0.75, the structure was mainly rhombohedral but with coexistence of the monoclinic structure, indicating the proximity of a phase boundary

Electron diffraction of tilted perovskites

Simulations of electron diffraction patterns for each of the known perovskite tilt systems have been performed. The conditions for the appearance of superlattice reflections arising from rotations of the octahedra are modified to take into account the effects of different tilt systems for kinematical diffraction. The use of selected-area electron diffraction as a tool for perovskite structure determination is reviewed and examples are included

The A to Z of Management of Behaviour within Physical Education

The behaviour of students in physical education (PE) lessons has the potential to have the largest impact on pupil progress. It is also one of the major concerns that trainee teachers have when commencing their initial teacher training (ITT) year (Carter, 2015). Without appropriate management of behaviour strategies, everything else that deserves and demands a focus is simply disregarde

The Formation of Gender Perspectives Among Nursery Class Children

Although there is ample evidence that awareness of gender is well established among older schoolchildren, there is less certainty about younger children. This study is intended to address this deficiency, principally by participant observation of young children in one primary school. The study, which employed a type of action research, involved working with four nursery staff members, and a total of seventy-eight children (aged three to five) for the equivalent of one day a week, over a period of ten months. The principal aim of the investigation was to enquire into the elements affecting the development of children’s gender-stereotyped perspectives. This entailed noting both the verbal and non-verbal behaviour of the children and the influence of external factors, including the media, home background and peers. The study endeavoured to investigate and elucidate gender attitudes, from the children’s point of view, while observing their interactions from their own standpoints. Additionally, conversations with parents provided other relevant information. The researcher and the nursery staff employed a range of strategies, especially adult-child discussions, initially to elicit, and later to endeavour to change, the attitudes of the children. Not all the interventions succeeded, but some did seem to have an effect, with both boys and girls exhibiting some sympathy with the attitudes displayed by the other sex. The study indicates that collaborative procedures can result in children achieving improved scholastic attainment, and self-assurance, while giving staff a better understanding of the children’s own perspectives

ADDITIONALITY AND THE ADOPTION OF FARM CONSERVATION PRACTICES

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/11.Conservation programs, matching estimators, additionality, average treatment effects, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use,