Experiential Learning and Its Influence on Social Change

This research study is presented as a final project in fulfillment of the capstone requirement to the College of Professional Studies and the graduate school at Marquette University. This research study was presented with Dr. Jay Caulfield at the ISSOTL (International Scholarship of Teaching and Learning) conference, October 22, 2011. The research study included previous and current graduate students enrolled in the Nature of Cities course in the spring of 2008 and the Models of Sustainability course in the spring of 2011 within the public service program at Marquette University. Both of these courses were graduate courses that had substantial experiential learning experiences incorporated into their course design. This research study identified how experiential learning activities may add to a graduate student’s engagement and awareness of social issues. In addition, the research findings within this study are intended to give a general overview of how the participants’ experiential learning experiences have influenced and or changed their behavior. This study is inclusive to an introduction, literature review, overview of participants, methods, findings and discussion, limitations to research, additional research, and conclusion. It is the researcher’s intention to include an additional 10 participants within this study that will comprise of students enrolled in the Models of Sustainability course at Marquette University during the summer of 2010. Upon completion of this research study, it is the researcher’s objective to publish this study as an article within the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

Publications of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory July 1965 through July 1966

Bibliography on Jet Propulsion Laboratory technical reports and memorandums, space programs summary, astronautics information, and literature searche

Publications of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, July 1964 through June 1965

JPL publications bibliography with abstracts - reports on DSIF, Mariner program, Ranger project, Surveyor project, and other space programs, and space science

Demand Avoidance Phenomena (“ Pathological ”/ Extreme ” Demand Avoidance): As a Social Construct.

Over the last decade or so, Pathological Demand-Avoidance (PDA) is often viewed as a “Profile of ASD” in the United Kingdom (UK). Despite over 20 years of substantial debate contesting the nature of PDA, and it lacking any robust evidence to suggest what PDA might be. This begs the question, why is PDA a “culture-bound concept” in the UK? Recognising all mental Disorders are socially constructed, this video examines different outlooks of PDA and how they evolved over time. Additionally, how different aspects of culture and biology intersect, to “PDA Profile of ASD” as a “culture-bound concept” to the UK. Consequently, creating a model of thirteen different themes of factors contributing to the biased hype surrounding PDA. Other Critical Autism Studies scholars can replicate

Demand avoidance phenomena: circularity, integrity and validity – a commentary on the 2018 National Autistic Society PDA Conference

There has been much discussion and debate on Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) since it was first described by Professor Elizabeth Newson in the UK in the 1980s. Is it part of the autism spectrum or a separate condition or can the features of PDA be found in other developmental conditions? If PDA can be separately defined, do the origins or underlying causes of PDA differ from other conditions and, if so, what are the implications? The main consensus at present is that some autistic children and adults also have PDA and that where this is true, different strategies are needed (Christie et al, 2011). But PDA profiles have been found in people with other conditions too (Egan et al, 2019; Kaushik et al, 2015). There are some who assert that, as yet, there is insufficient evidence to determine the criteria for PDA and its classification. Some autistic individuals have referred to PDA as rational demand avoidance where demands which are perceived to be aversive or illogical are avoided. Given that many autistic individuals show demand avoidant behaviour, there is a concern that without clear criteria for PDA, parents and professionals alike might assume that a person has both autism and PDA and then seek further assessment or follow recommended strategies for PDA which might not be useful or needed. So an ethical debate on PDA is needed. In this paper, Richard Woods, an autistic academic, presents his views on PDA or, in his words, the Demand Avoidance Phenomena

Pathological Demand Avoidance and the DSM-5: a rebuttal to Judy Eaton’s response

Independent scholar Richard Woods has written the following reply to Dr Judy Eaton’s response to his paper on Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA). Dr Eaton’s response and Richard Woods’ reply are both published in this issue of the GAP Journal

“Pathological Demand-Avoidance” as a “Profile of ASD” & “Profound Autism”.

Since the broadening of autism into a spectrum in the late 1980s, there have been constant attempts to create subtypes of autistic persons. By the early 2010s, the use of autism subtypes had largely fallen out of widespread practice. However, recently there is growing attention around two new proposed subtypes of “Pathological Demand-Avoidance” (PDA), as a “Profile of ASD”, and “Profound Autism”. This talk compares the rationale for these two proposed autism subtypes, along with their respective definitions, and how the critique of one category is often applicable to the other. Additionally, how the two categories represent autistic self-advocacy, and predict what will happen when “PDA Profile of ASD” is appropriated by “Profound Autism” advocates. Finally, we critically evaluate PDA strategies. There is a need to prioritise the integrity of the autism category over utilising “PDA Profile of ASD” and/ or “Profound Autism”

Autism & mental health

This is a short talk introducing the topic of autism and mental health. Covering how autistic persons spikey profile often includes co-occurring difficulties, which are frequently caused by how poor practice by broader society towards autistic persons. Suggesting suitable approaches working with autistic persons, including viewing them as being fully human. Briefly outlining the speaker’s own spikey profile of strengths and difficulties, and the approach others should adopt when working with them. Concluding with calling for people to empathise with struggles many autistic persons experience

Critical reflections on autism advocacy for and against autism subtypes.

Advocacy relating to autism has a complicated history, no more so since 1993 with the parallel emergence of autistic rights and neurodiversity movements. Focusing on advocacy for and against dividing autism subtypes, primarily examining the advocacy efforts for “Profound Autism” and “Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) Profile of ASD”, to highlight how impairment category advocacy can be appropriated by those with vested interests, to control autism advocacy; for example, autistic opposition to “Profound Autism” can be construed as harassment, bullying, or stalking associated with “PDA Profile of ASD”. Consequently, through such processes, those with vested interests may overturn the consensus that autism cannot be successfully divided into subtypes and ignore the preference of most autistic persons for the autism impairment category to be undivided. While disability studies academics should validate the concerns of activists, there is a need to critically engage with claims of impairment category activists