Rational asset pricing bubbles

This paper provides a fairly systematic study of general economic conditions under which rational asset pricing bubbles may arise in an intertemporal competitive equilibrium framework. Our main results are concerned with non-existence of asset pricing bubbles in those economies. These results imply that the conditions under which bubbles are possible inc1uding sorne well-known examples of monetary equilibria-are relatively fragile

Rational Asset Pricing Bubbles

This paper provides a fairly systematic study of general economic conditions under which rational asset pricing bubbles may arise in an intertemporal competitive equilibrium framework. Our main results are concerned with nonexistence of asset pricing bubbles in those economies. These results imply that the conditions under which bubbles are possible -including some well-known examples of monetary equilibria- are relatively fragile

Antiaromatic Dianions: Dianions of Dixanthylidene by Reduction and Attempted Excited-State Deprotonation

Reduction of dixanthylidene with potassium or lithium resulted in formation of the antiaromatic dianion in high yield. Attempts to form the dianion by excited-state deprotonation of dixanthene with n-butyllithium/TMEDA resulted in formation of the tetraanion from deprotonation ortho to the oxygen. Orientation of the sp3 hydrogens presumably allows preferential deprotonation of the xanthene rings

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERAN KADER JUMANTIK DENGAN PERILAKU KELUARGA DALAM PEMBERANTASAN SARANG NYAMUK DBD DI KELURAHAN TINGKULU KECAMATAN WANEA KOTA MANADO

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang ada di Indonesia. Penyakit ini termasuk dalam salah satu penyakit menular dan sering menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Peran juru pemantau jentik (jumantik) dibutuhkan dalam menerapkan kegiatan upaya pencegahan DBD terhadap perilaku keluarga untuk menurunkan angka kasus kejadian DBD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara peran juru pemantau jentik dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk DBD di Kelurahan Tingkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan desain penelitian yaitu cross sectional (potong lintang) pada bulan Februari – Juli 2020. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Tingkulu. Sampel diambil secara purposif yaitu Kepala Keluarga di lingkungan 3,7, dan 8 dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 66 orang. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner. Hubungan antar variabel ditentukan dengan uji chi-square (α=0,05, CI:95%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran kader jumantik sebagian besar tergolong baik (57,6%). Perilaku keluarga dalam pemberantasan sarang nyamuk (PSN) DBD sebagian besar tergolong baik (53%).Uji statistik hubungan antar variabel menunjukkan nilai p=0,000. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara peran jumantik dengan PSN DBD.  Peran jumantik yang baik akan mendorong terciptanya perilaku keluarga yang baik dalam PSN DBD. Kata Kunci : Juru Pemantau Jentik, Perilaku Keluarga, Demam Berdarah Dengue  ABSTRACTDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the health problems in Indonesia. This disease is included in one infectious disease and often causes Extraordinary Events (KLB). The role of larva monitors (jumantik) is needed in implementing DHF prevention activities on family behavior to reduce the number of dengue cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the role of larva monitors and family behavior in eradicating dengue mosquito nests in the village of Tingkulu. This study uses an analytical survey with a research design that is cross sectional (cross sectional) in February - July 2020. The study population is all family heads in Kelurahan Tingkulu. The sample was taken purposively, namely the heads of households in the neighborhood of 3,7 and 8 with 66 respondents. Data obtained using a questionnaire. The relationship between variables was determined by the chi-square test (α = 0.05, CI: 95%). The results showed that the role of most jumantik cadres was classified as good (57.6%). Family behavior in the eradication of dengue mosquito nests (PSN) is mostly classified as good (53%). Statistical test of the relationship between variables shows the value of p = 0,000. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the role of jumantik and DHF PSN. The role of a good jumantik will encourage the creation of good family behavior in DHF PSN. Keywords: Wiggler Monitoring Officers, Family Behavior, Dengue Hemorrhagic Feve

GAMBARAN ANGKA KUMAN DAN KEBERADAAN ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA PERALATAN MAKAN RUMAH MAKAN DI KELURAHAN MAHAKERET BARAT DAN MAHAKERET TIMUR KECAMATAN WENANG KOTA MANADO

Rumah makan dan restoran dalam menjalankan usahanya harus memenuhi persyaratan hygiene sanitasi. Peralatan makan merupakan salah satu persyaratan hygiene sanitasi rumah makan. Kebersihan dan cara penyimpanan peralatan pengelolah makanan harus memenuhi persyaratan sanitasi. Peralatan makan yaitu segala macam alat yang digunakan untuk mengelolah dan menyajikan makanan dengan ketentuan peralatan makan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran angka kuman dan keberadaan Escherichia coli pada peralataan makan rumah makan di kelurahan mahakeret barat dan mahakeret timur.  Hasil penelitian Terdapat 6 rumah makan (100%) yang jumlah angka kumannya melebihi ambang batas dan terdapat 2 rumah makan (33,3%) yang positif mengandung bakteri Escherichia Coli.Seluruh Rumah makan positif memiliki jumlah angka kuman yang melebihi ambang batas. Dan terdapat 2 rumah makan yang positif E. coli berdasarkan hasil tersebut diharapkan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado dapat menindaklanjuti Rumah Makan yang tidak memenuhi standart Inspeksi Kesehatan Lingkungan, serta melakukan kerjasama dengan Puskesmas untuk melakukan pemeriksaan secara berkala. Kata Kunci:Angka Kuman, Escherichia Coli, Alat Makan. AbstractBrasserie and restaurant in running its business must meet the requirements of hygiene and sanitation. Tableware is one of the requirements of hygiene sanitary restaurants. Hygiene and food pengelolah equipment storage must meet the requirements of sanitation. Tableware, namely all kinds of tools used to manage and serves food with utensils. Objective to describe the number of numbers of bacteria and Escherichia Coli bacteria on tableware in restaurants in West Mahakeret Village and East Mahakeret. The results of the research there are 6 restaurants (100%) the number of digits with TB germs to exceed threshold and there are 2 restaurants (33.3%) positive contain bacteria Escherichia Coli. The whole House has a number of positive numbers eating germs that exceeds the threshold. And there are two restaurants-positive e. coli based on the expected results of Manado City Health Office may follow up on Restaurants that do not meet standard Environmental Health Inspection, as well as cooperation with health centers to do the inspection at regular intervals. Keywords: Germ number, Escherichia Coli, Cutler

HIGIENE DAN SANITASI INDUSTRI PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANIKI BAWAH

Pemantauan higiene dan sanitasi industri pangan sangat penting dalam upaya menjaga kualitas produksi pangan dari industri tersebut. Banyak data ditemukan kasus keracunan pangan di Indonesia dan Sulawesi Utara. Hal ini disebabkan karena higiene dan sanitasi pada industri pangan tidak dijaga dengan baik. Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui higiene dan sanitasi Industri Pangan Rumah Tangga (IPRT) diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2018. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 24 PIRT di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah. Data higiene dan sanitasi IPRT diperoleh menggunakan formulir inspeksi IPRT melalui wawancara pada penanggung jawab IPRT dan observasi langsung keadaan IPRT.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 13 PIRT (54,2%) yang memenuhi syarat higiene sanitasi industri pangan rumah tangga dan 11 PIRT (45,85%) tidak memenuhi syarat higiene sanitasi industri pangan rumah tangga di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paniki bawah. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu sebagian besar IPRT di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado telah memenuhi syarat higiene dan sanitasi IPRT. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka harus inspeksi secara rutin dan melakukan pembinaan kepada pihak industri pangan rumah tangga tentang cara pengolahan, penyimpanan makanan, produksi hasil pangan dan higiene perorangan. Selain itu, pihak puskesmas dapat melaksanakan pelatihan dan pemantauan IPRT yang sesuai dengan standart kesehatan.  Kata Kunci: Higiene, Sanitasi  ABSTRACT Monitoring the hygiene and sanitation of the food industry is very important in an effort to maintain the quality of food production from the industry. Many data found cases of food poisoning in Indonesia and North Sulawesi. This is due to poor hygiene and sanitation in the food industry. The aim of this study was to determine household food industry hygiene and sanitation (IPRT) in the work area of Paniki Bawah City Public Health Center in 2018. This research was an observational descriptive study conducted in August-December 2018. The subjects in this study were 24 PIRTs in the region Paniki Bawah Community Health Center Work. Data on hygiene and sanitation of IPRT was obtained using an IPRT inspection form through interviews with the person in charge of IPRT and direct observation of the situation of IPRT. The results showed that there were 13 PIRTs (54.2%) that fulfilled the household food industry sanitation hygiene requirements and 11 PIRTs (45.85%) did not meet the household food industry sanitation hygiene requirements in the Paniki Community Health Center work area below. The conclusions from the results of this study are that most of the IPRT in the Working Area of Paniki Bawah Public Health Center in the City of Manado have met the hygiene and sanitation requirements of IPRT. Based on this, routine inspections and guidance for the household food industry must be conducted on how to process, store food, produce food products and personal hygiene. In addition, the puskesmas can carry out training and monitoring of IPRT in accordance with health standards.  Keywords: Hygiene, Sanitatio