Gas ion laser construction for electrically isolating the pressure gauge thereof

The valve and the pressure gauge of a gas ion laser were electrically insulated from the laser discharge path by connecting them in series with the cathode of the laser. The laser cathode can be grounded and preferably is a cold cathode although a hot cathode may be used instead. The cold cathode was provided with a central aperture to which was connected both the pressure gauge and the gas pressure reservoir through the valve. This will effectively prevent electric discharges from passing either to the pressure gauge or the valve which would otherwise destroy the pressure gauge

Null type instrument for simplifying two dimensional field plotting

Vacuum tube bridge operates in two modes, tracing and fixed potential. It reduces plotting time by fifty percent and improves measurement precision

Money-income relationships and the exchange rate regime

Demand for money ; Foreign exchange rates

An introduction to non-tariff barriers to trade

International trade ; Tariff ; Import quotas

Does the exchange rate regime affect the economy?

Foreign exchange rates ; Great Britain

The roles of social media, clean eating and self-esteem in the risk of disordered eating: A pilot study of self-reported healthy eaters

Background: Clean eating is a dietary trend focused on the avoidance of unhealthy foods. Social media encourages these highly restrictive diets and can lead to eating disorders and low self-esteem. This study examines the influence of dietary classification, social media use, diet quality and self-esteem on eating disorder risk amongst a healthy group. Method: Forty-one participants completed an online survey examining diet quality via the healthy eating index; and eating disorder risk using the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q). Participants were also asked to complete Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale and reveal whether they defined their diet as either ‘clean’ or ‘pure’; reflective of the trend of clean eating. Participants also categorised the time spent on social media each day. Results: Independent t-tests revealed that participants who categorised their diet as ‘clean’ had significantly higher SE (t(39) = 2.729; P=.009); whilst greater time on social media was associated with elevated eating disorder risk (t(39) =-2.99; P=.005) and poorer SE (t(39) =-3.01; P=.005). Multiple linear regression revealed that social media usage was a significant predictor of eating concern (ß=.419; P=.01); whilst SE significantly predicted eating restraint (ß=-.423; P=.03); shape concern (ß=.217; P=.04); weight concern (ß=-.454; P=.008) and the global EDE-Q score (ß=-.437; P<.01). Conclusions: Both social media usage and self-esteem might play a key role in the development of eating disorders in a healthy group; with high social media usage also influencing self-esteem. Future research should examine how social media could be used to promote good self-esteem and thus reduce eating disorder risk