3 research outputs found
Efficient CO Oxidation by 50-Facet Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanocrystals Coated with CuO Nanoparticles
As carbon monoxide
oxidation is widely used for various chemical
processes (such as methanol synthesis and water-gas shift reactions
H<sub>2</sub>O + CO ⇄ CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>) as well
as in industry, it is essential to develop highly energy efficient,
inexpensive, and eco-friendly catalysts for CO oxidation. Here we
report green synthesis of ∼10 nm sized CuO nanoparticles (NPs)
aggregated on ∼400 nm sized 50-facet Cu<sub>2</sub>O polyhedral
nanocrystals. This CuO-NPs/50-facet Cu<sub>2</sub>O shows remarkable
CO oxidation reactivity with very high specific CO oxidation activity
(4.5 μmol<sub>CO</sub> m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> at 130 °C) and near-complete 99.5% CO conversion efficiency
at ∼175 °C. This outstanding catalytic performance by
CuO NPs over the pristine multifaceted Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanocrystals
is attributed to the surface oxygen defects present in CuO NPs which
facilitate binding of CO and O<sub>2</sub> on their surfaces. This
new material opens up new possibilities of replacing the usage of
expensive CO oxidation materials
Accelerated Bone Regeneration by Two-Photon Photoactivated Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal
stem cells (hBMSCs) present
promising opportunities for therapeutic medicine. Carbon derivatives
showed only marginal enhancement in stem cell differentiation toward
bone formation. Here we report that red-light absorbing carbon nitride
(C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) sheets lead to remarkable proliferation
and osteogenic differentiation by runt-related transcription factor
2 (Runx2) activation, a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast
differentiation. Accordingly, highly effective hBMSCs-driven mice
bone regeneration under red light is achieved (91% recovery after
4 weeks compared to 36% recovery in the standard control group in
phosphate-buffered saline without red light). This fast bone regeneration
is attributed to the deep penetration strength of red light into cellular
membranes <i>via</i> tissue and the resulting efficient
cell stimulation by enhanced photocurrent upon two-photon excitation
of C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets near cells. Given that the photoinduced
charge transfer can increase cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation,
this increase would promote nucleotide synthesis and cellular proliferation/differentiation.
The cell stimulation enhances hBMSC differentiation toward bone formation,
demonstrating the therapeutic potential of near-infrared two-photon
absorption of C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets in bone regeneration
and fracture healing
Halogen−π Interactions between Benzene and X<sub>2</sub>/CX<sub>4</sub> (X = Cl, Br): Assessment of Various Density Functionals with Respect to CCSD(T)
Various
types of interactions between halogen (X) and π moiety
(X−π interaction) including halogen bonding play important
roles in forming the structures of biological, supramolecular, and
nanomaterial systems containing halogens and aromatic rings. Furthermore,
halogen molecules such as X<sub>2</sub> and CX<sub>4</sub> (X = Cl/Br)
can be intercalated in graphite and bilayer graphene for doping and
graphene functionalization/modification. Due to the X−π
interactions, though recently highly studied, their structures are
still hardly predictable. Here, using the coupled-cluster with single,
double, and noniterative triple excitations (CCSDÂ(T)), the Møller–Plesset
second-order perturbation theory (MP2), and various flavors of density
functional theory (DFT) methods, we study complexes of benzene (Bz)
with halogen-containing molecules X<sub>2</sub> and CX<sub>4</sub> (X = Cl/Br) and analyze various components of the interaction energy
using symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). As for the lowest
energy conformers (S1), X<sub>2</sub>–Bz is found to have the
T-shaped structure where the electropositive X atom-end of X<sub>2</sub> is pointing to the electronegative midpoint of CC bond of the Bz
ring, and CX<sub>4</sub>–Bz has the stacked structure. In addition
to this CX<sub>4</sub>–Bz (S1), other low energy conformers
of X<sub>2</sub>–Bz (S2/S3) and CX<sub>4</sub>–Bz (S2)
are stabilized primarily by the dispersion interaction, whereas the
electrostatic interaction is substantial. Most of the density functionals
show noticeable deviations from the CCSDÂ(T) complete basis set (CBS)
limit binding energies, especially in the case of strongly halogen-bonded
conformers of X<sub>2</sub>–Bz (S1), whereas the deviations
are relatively small for CX<sub>4</sub>–Bz where the dispersion
is more important. The halogen bond shows highly anisotropic electron
density around halogen atoms and the DFT results are very sensitive
to basis set. The unsatisfactory performance of many density functionals
could be mainly due to less accurate exchange. This is evidenced from
the good performance by the dispersion corrected hybrid and double
hybrid functionals. B2GP-PLYP-D3 and PBE0-TSÂ(Tkatchenko-Scheffler)/D3
are well suited to describe the X−π interactions adequately,
close to the CCSDÂ(T)/CBS binding energies (within ∼1 kJ/mol).
This understanding would be useful to study diverse X−π
interaction driven structures such as halogen containing compounds
intercalated between 2-dimensional layers