44,124 research outputs found
Rare typhoon development near the equator
In Recent Advances in Atmospheric Sciences in Asia-Pacific. (Eds: K.N. Liou, M.D. Chou and H. H. Hsu), World Scientific Publication Company, 172-181.The formation of Typhoon Vamei on 27 December 2001 in the southern South China Sea was the first-observed tropical cyclogenesis within 1.5 degrees of the equator. This rare event was first detected by observations of typhoon strength winds from a US navy ship, and the existence of an eye structure was confirmed by satellite and radar imageries. This paper reviews these observations, and discusses the dynamic theory that may explain the process suggested by Chang et al. (2003) in which a strong cold surge event interacting with the Borneo vortex led to the equatorial development. As pointed out by Chang et al., the most intriguing question is not how Vamei could form so close to the equator, but is why such a formation was not observed before then.
The formation of Typhoon Vamei on 27 December 2001 in the southern South China Sea was the first-observed tropical cyclogenesis within 1.5 degrees of the equator. This rare event was first detected by observations of typhoon strength winds from a US navy ship, and the existence of an eye structure was confirmed by satellite and radar imageries. This paper reviews these observations, and discusses the dynamic theory that may explain the process suggested by Chang et al. (2003) in which a strong cold surge event interacting with the Borneo vortex led to the equatorial development. As pointed out by Chang et al., the most intriguing question is not how Vamei could form so close to the equator, but is why such a formation was not observed before then
Universal Behavior in Large-scale Aggregation of Independent Noisy Observations
Aggregation of noisy observations involves a difficult tradeoff between
observation quality, which can be increased by increasing the number of
observations, and aggregation quality which decreases if the number of
observations is too large. We clarify this behavior for a protypical system in
which arbitrarily large numbers of observations exceeding the system capacity
can be aggregated using lossy data compression. We show the existence of a
scaling relation between the collective error and the system capacity, and show
that large scale lossy aggregation can outperform lossless aggregation above a
critical level of observation noise. Further, we show that universal results
for scaling and critical value of noise which are independent of system
capacity can be obtained by considering asymptotic behavior when the system
capacity increases toward infinity.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Real space first-principles derived semiempirical pseudopotentials applied to tunneling magnetoresistance
In this letter we present a real space density functional theory (DFT)
localized basis set semi-empirical pseudopotential (SEP) approach. The method
is applied to iron and magnesium oxide, where bulk SEP and local spin density
approximation (LSDA) band structure calculations are shown to agree within
approximately 0.1 eV. Subsequently we investigate the qualitative
transferability of bulk derived SEPs to Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions. We find
that the SEP method is particularly well suited to address the tight binding
transferability problem because the transferability error at the interface can
be characterized not only in orbital space (via the interface local density of
states) but also in real space (via the system potential). To achieve a
quantitative parameterization, we introduce the notion of ghost semi-empirical
pseudopotentials extracted from the first-principles calculated Fe/MgO bonding
interface. Such interface corrections are shown to be particularly necessary
for barrier widths in the range of 1 nm, where interface states on opposite
sides of the barrier couple effectively and play a important role in the
transmission characteristics. In general the results underscore the need for
separate tight binding interface and bulk parameter sets when modeling
conduction through thin heterojunctions on the nanoscale.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Applied Physic
The molecular environment of massive star forming cores associated with Class II methanol maser emission
Methanol maser emission has proven to be an excellent signpost of regions
undergoing massive star formation (MSF). To investigate their role as an
evolutionary tracer, we have recently completed a large observing program with
the ATCA to derive the dynamical and physical properties of molecular/ionised
gas towards a sample of MSF regions traced by 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission.
We find that the molecular gas in many of these regions breaks up into multiple
sub-clumps which we separate into groups based on their association
with/without methanol maser and cm continuum emission. The temperature and
dynamic state of the molecular gas is markedly different between the groups.
Based on these differences, we attempt to assess the evolutionary state of the
cores in the groups and thus investigate the role of class II methanol masers
as a tracer of MSF.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, IAU Symposium 242 Conference Proceeding
Prospects of cold dark matter searches with an ultra-low-energy germanium detector
The report describes the research program on the development of
ultra-low-energy germanium detectors, with emphasis on WIMP dark matter
searches. A threshold of 100 eV is achieved with a 20 g detector array,
providing a unique probe to the low-mas WIMP. Present data at a surface
laboratory is expected to give rise to comparable sensitivities with the
existing limits at the WIMP-mass range. The projected
parameter space to be probed with a full-scale, kilogram mass-range experiment
is presented. Such a detector would also allow the studies of neutrino-nucleus
coherent scattering and neutrino magnetic moments.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of TAUP-2007 Conferenc
Transmission Through Carbon Nanotubes With Polyhedral Caps
We study electron transport between capped carbon nanotubes and a substrate,
and relate the transmission probability to the local density of states in the
cap. Our results show that the transmission probability mimics the behavior of
the density of states at all energies except those that correspond to localized
states in the cap. Close proximity of a substrate causes hybridization of the
localized state. As a result, new transmission paths open from the substrate to
nanotube continuum states via the localized states in the cap. Interference
between various transmission paths gives rise to antiresonances in the
transmission probability, with the minimum transmission equal to zero at
energies of the localized states. Defects in the nanotube that are placed close
to the cap cause resonances in the transmission probability, instead of
antiresonances, near the localized energy levels. Depending on the spatial
position of defects, these resonant states are capable of carrying a large
current. These results are relevant to carbon nanotube based studies of
molecular electronics and probe tip applications
Universality in an integer Quantum Hall transition
An integer Quantum Hall effect transition is studied in a modulation doped
p-SiGe sample. In contrast to most examples of such transitions the
longitudinal and Hall conductivities at the critical point are close to 0.5 and
1.5 (e^2/h), the theoretically expected values. This allows the extraction of a
scattering parameter, describing both conductivity components, which depends
exponentially on filling factor. The strong similarity of this functional form
to those observed for transitions into the Hall insulating state and for the
B=0 metal- insulator transition implies a universal quantum critical behaviour
for the transitions. The observation of this behaviour in the integer Quantum
Hall effect, for this particular sample, is attributed to the short-ranged
character of the potential associated with the dominant scatterers
Coherency in Neutrino-Nucleus Elastic Scattering
Neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering provides a unique laboratory to study the
quantum mechanical coherency effects in electroweak interactions, towards which
several experimental programs are being actively pursued. We report results of
our quantitative studies on the transitions towards decoherency. A parameter
() is identified to describe the degree of coherency, and its
variations with incoming neutrino energy, detector threshold and target nucleus
are studied. The ranges of which can be probed with realistic neutrino
experiments are derived, indicating complementarity between projects with
different sources and targets. Uncertainties in nuclear physics and in
would constrain sensitivities in probing physics beyond the standard model. The
maximum neutrino energies corresponding to >0.95 are derived.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. V2 -- Published Versio
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