Coupled-mode theory for stimulated Raman scattering in high-Q/Vm silicon photonic band gap defect cavity lasers

We demonstrate the dynamics of stimulated Raman scattering in designed high-Q/Vm silicon photonic band gap nanocavities through the coupled-mode theory framework towards optically-pumped silicon lasing. The interplay of other chi(3) effects such as two-photon absorption and optical Kerr, related free-carrier dynamics, thermal effects, as well as linear losses such as cavity radiation and linear material absorption are included and investigated numerically. Our results clarify the relative contributions and evolution of the mechanisms, and demonstrate the lasing and shutdown thresholds. Our studies illustrate the conditions for continuous-wave and pulsed highly-efficient Raman frequency conversion to be practically realized in monolithic silicon high-Q/Vm photonic band gap defect cavities.Comment: 40 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Physics Review

Understanding inter-organizational decision coordination

This article develops a theoretical framework to investigate the interaction and coordination of decision-making processes in a supply chain with multiple and inter-dependent suppliers and customers. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three longitudinal case studies on the decision coordination processes between a European toy supplier and three retailers. Findings: The case studies found different mental models, decision-making behaviours, coordination behaviours and ordering behaviours even though the toy supplier and the three retailers observed quite the same material flow behaviours. The study found explanations for these diverse behaviours by analyzing the mental models and decision-making behaviours of each involved party. Originality/value: The findings explain the conditions which lead to undesirable mental models and decision-making behaviours which affect the coordination of decisions among supply chain members

Interrole Conflict and Social Support: A Study of Married Women Nurses

The study focused on inter-role conflict and social support. The first objective of this study was to determine the intensity of inter-role conflict experienced by married women nurses in their total life space as they performed their multiple roles. Secondly, it examined the potential sources of social support they managed to gamer from individuals within and without the work place in times of work-family conflict: spouse, friends and relatives, co-worker and boss/supervisor.The sample size of 129 respondents was taken from the population of 615 eligible nurses meeting the criteria for the study. All instruments used were from previously developed instruments and adaptations of the instruments. Data collected from self-administered questionnaires were used to examine the work-family interface environment among the respondents. The results showed that medium inter-role conflict intensities were experienced by majority of the nurses. The nurses received the highest amount of support from their spouses and the least from their bosses/supervisors. It is implied that social support could have been an important factor in reducing the level of experienced work-family conflict among the nurses

The Effects of Day/Night Forcing Temperature Regimes, Growth Retardants and Ethephon Treatments on Tulips (Tulipa Gesneriana Var 'Cassini')

Three studies were conducted to determine the forcing procedures for potted tulip and postharvest treatments for cut tulips under tropical conditions. The objectives of the first study were to examine the protein profiles alteration associated with various daylnight forcing temperatures (26122, 26/18, 26/14, 22/18, 22/14 and 18/14 OC) and to identify a potential protein marker that is involved in producing a good quality tulip through the SDS-PAGE method. The experimental design used was an incomplete block design with three replications per treatment. There were no significant differences in plant height, perianth length, flower diameter, no. of days to first visible bud and no. of days to senescence for plants treated under different daylnight temperature regimes. Only scape length, no. of days to coloured bud stage and anthesis stage were significantly affected. Protein profiles ' 1 0 ? -y @ obtained fiom one dimensional gel electrophoresis from plants forced u$d& dikefen1 * daylnight temperatures showed no differences in protein banding patterns. Protein no. 2 at vegetative stage and protein no. 37 and 38 at anthesis stage were found to have potential as protein markers that could be involved in producing good quality tulip which was revealed in 2D gel electrophoresis. Second study was carried out in order to determine the optimal concentration of paclobutrazol and flurprimidol on height control of potted tulips. Two experiments were carried out by using two different growth redartants at different rates. In experiment I paclobutrazol at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg.~-' were used while in experiment I1 flurprimidol was used at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg.~-'. The experimental design used was a completely randomised design with five replications per treatment. In experiment I, plant height and scape length, perianth length and flower diameter were significantly affected by paclobutrazol treatment. There were no significant differences in no. of days to first visible bud, no. of days to coloured bud stage, no. of days to anthesis and no. of days to senescence. The optimal rate of paclobutrazol for height control of 'Cassini' tulip was 20 mg .~-w' ith reduction of 13.6% in plant height and 14.8% in scape length. In experiment 11, plant height, scape length, perianth and flower longevity were significantly affected by flurprimidol treatment. There were no significant differences in no. of days to first visible bud, no. of days to coloured bud stage, no. of days to anthesis and flower diameter. The optimal rate of flurprimidol in controlling plant height of 'Cassini' tulip was 40 mgL with reduction of 13.8% and 17.4% for plant height and scape length respectively. . .. .- Third study was carried out to determine the effect of ethephon pretreatment on stem elongation and flower longevity of cut tulips. Treatments comprised basal stem dip in ethephon at 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg.~-' for 0, 15 and 30 minutes. The experimental iii design used was a completely randomised design with five replications per treatment. Ethephon pretreatment significantly reduced the last internode length, scape length and flower opening rate. The reduction of stem length was due to the reduction in cell length which was revealed by histological study. Ethephon at 20 to 40 mg.~-' and duration of dipping time fiom 15 to 30 minutes were found to effective in overcoming the problem of stem elongation without reducing flower quality

Manchuria in world politics

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Prediction and Control of Asymmetric Vortical Flows Around Slender Bodies Using Navier-Stokes Equations

Steady and unsteady vortex-dominated flows around slender bodies at high angles of attack are solved using the unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations. An implicit upwind, finite-volume scheme is used for the numerical computations. For supersonic flows past pointed bodies, the locally-conical flow assumption has been used. Asymmetric flows past five-degree semiapex cones using the thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations at different angles of attack, freestream Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers, grid fineness, computational domain size, sources of disturbances and cross-section shapes have been studied. The onset of flow asymmetry occurs when the relative incidence of pointed forebodies exceeds certain critical values. At these critical values of relative incidence, asymmetric flow develops irrespective of the sources of disturbances. The results of unsteady asymmetric flows show that periodic vortex shedding exists at larger angles of attack and it is independent of the numerical schemes used. Passive control of steady and unsteady asymmetric vortical flows around cones using vertical fins and side-strakes have also been studied. Side-strikes control of flow asymmetry over a wide range of angles of attack requires shorter strake heights than those of the vertical-fin control and produces higher lift for the same cone. Three-dimensional, incompressible flows past a prolate spheroid and a tangent-ogive cylinder are solved and compared with experimental data for validation of the numerical scheme. Three-dimensional supersonic asymmetric flows around a five degree semiapex angle circular cone at different angles of attack and Reynolds numbers are presented. Flow asymmetry has been obtained using short-duration disturbances. The flow asymmetry becomes stronger as the Reynolds number and angle of attack are increased. The asymmetric solutions show spatial vortex shedding which is qualitatively similar to the temporal vortex shedding of the unsteady locally-conical flow

Studies on a Two-layer Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB)

Swirling Fluidized Bed is a newer development of fluidized bed in fluidization technology. A significant amount of research work has been carried out on swirling fluidized bed since 1990s. Even though Two-layer regime swirling fluidized bed has been discovered by previous researchers, a comprehensive understanding on its hydrodynamics characteristics with respect to different designed parameters has not been fully established. Increasing interest on determining the superiority of swirling fluidized bed over conventional bed becomes the driving force of further studying swirling fluidized bed hydrodynamics behaviors as a sequel to the earlier work of the past researchers, especially in Two-layer swirling fluidized bed. In fluidization processes, bed pressure drop is crucial as it determines the power required to achieve fluidization. Full-scale experiment were carried out by assigning the parameters such as particle size, bed weight and superficial velocity in order to study the effect of them on the hydrodynamics characteristics of Two-layer swirling fluidized bed behaviors. In the study, the author started the experiment by manipulating the superficial velocity up to approximately 4.0m/s and bed weight from 500g to 3000g, to find out the particular bed weight when Two-layer regime started appearing and ended the experiment in elutriation regime. Spherical particles of 4mm, 5mm and 6mm were be experimented at each time. Blades with overlap angle of 18¢ª and inclination of 10¢ª were used in the experiment. The studies show that due to the presence of frictions and electrostatic charge, more energy is required in larger bed weight to achieve fluidization. In addition, as the bottom swirling layer has better quality of fluidization, small bed loadings with lower bed height are encouraged to minimize the bed expansion hence reduce the effect of undesirable top conventional layer while maintaining high value of height of bottom swirling layer and height of top bubbling layer (S:B) ratio

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENTION TO USE THE E-TICKETING SYSTEM FOR INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS AMONG MALAYSIAN AIR TRAVELLERS’

Masa kini, sektor pengangkutan udara menghadapi cabaran dari segi ekonomi yang tidak stabil dan bencana alam sedunia. Airline industries today face stiff competition in light of dynamic changing economic climate and global disaster