56,434 research outputs found
New and emerging therapeutic options for malignant pleural mesothelioma: review of early clinical trials.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor that is challenging to control. Despite some benefit from using the multimodality-approach (surgery, combination chemotherapy and radiation), survival remains poor. However, current research produced a list of potential therapies. Here, we summarize significant new preclinical and early clinical developments in treatment of MPM, which include mesothelin specific antibody and toxin therapies, interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor toxins, dendritic cell vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and gene-based therapies. In addition, several local modalities such as photodynamic therapy, postoperative lavage using betadine, and cryotherapy for local recurrence, have also shown to be effective for local control of disease
On a Service-Oriented Approach for an Engineering Knowledge Desktop
Increasingly, manufacturing companies are shifting their focus from selling products to providing services. As a result, when designing new products, engineers must increasingly consider the life cycle costs in addition to any design requirements. To identify possible areas of concern, designers are required to consult existing maintenance information from identical products. However, in a large engineering company, the amount of information available is significant and in wide range of formats. This paper presents a prototype knowledge desktop suitable for the design engineer. The Engineering Knowledge Desktop analyses and suggests relevant information from ontologically marked-up heterogeneous web resources. It is designed using a Service-Oriented Architecture, with an ontology to mediate between Web Services. It has been delivered to the user community for evaluation
Direct observation of voids in the vacancy excess region of ion bombarded silicon
The results reported in this letter indicate that the spatial separation of the vacancy and interstitial excesses which result from ion bombardment gives rise to stable voids upon annealing at 850 °C even for implants where the projected ion range is only of the order of a few thousand Ångstrom. Such voids have been observed directly by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, in cases where both voids and interstitial-based defects are present at different depths, it is found that Au has a strong preference for decorating void surfaces and hence Au can, indeed, be used as a selective detector of open volume defects in Si.One of the authors ~J.W.-L.!
acknowledges the Australian Research Council for financial
support
Melt-growth dynamics in CdTe crystals
We use a new, quantum-mechanics-based bond-order potential (BOP) to reveal
melt-growth dynamics and fine-scale defect formation mechanisms in CdTe
crystals. Previous molecular dynamics simulations of semiconductors have shown
qualitatively incorrect behavior due to the lack of an interatomic potential
capable of predicting both crystalline growth and property trends of many
transitional structures encountered during the melt crystal
transformation. Here we demonstrate successful molecular dynamics simulations
of melt-growth in CdTe using a BOP that significantly improves over other
potentials on property trends of different phases. Our simulations result in a
detailed understanding of defect formation during the melt-growth process.
Equally important, we show that the new BOP enables defect formation mechanisms
to be studied at a scale level comparable to empirical molecular dynamics
simulation methods with a fidelity level approaching quantum-mechanical method
Dyons of One Half Monopole Charge
We would like to present some exact SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs dyon solutions of
one half monopole charge. These static dyon solutions satisfy the first order
Bogomol'nyi equations and are characterized by a parameter, . They are
axially symmetric. The gauge potentials and the electromagnetic fields possess
a string singularity along the negative z-axis and hence they possess infinite
energy density along the line singularity. However the net electric charges of
these dyons which varies with the parameter are finite.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Generalized Jacobi Elliptic One-Monopole - Type A
We present new classical generalized one-monopole solution of the SU(2)
Yang-Mills-Higgs theory with the Higgs field in the adjoint representation. We
show that this generalized solution with -winding number and
-winding number is an axially symmetric Jacobi elliptic
generalization of the 't Hooft-Polyakov one-monopole. We construct this axially
symmetric one-monopole solution by generalizing the large distance asymptotic
solution of the 't Hooft-Polyakov one-monopole to the Jacobi elliptic functions
and solving the second order equations of motion numerically when the Higgs
potential is vanishing and non vanishing. These solutions are regular non-BPS
finite energy solutions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Anomalous Optoelectronic Properties of Chiral Carbon Nanorings...and One Ring to Rule Them All
Carbon nanorings are hoop-shaped, {\pi}-conjugated macrocycles which form the
fundamental annular segments of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In a
very recent report, the structures of chiral carbon nanorings (which may serve
as chemical templates for synthesizing chiral nanotubes) were experimentally
synthesized and characterized for the first time. Here, in our communication,
we show that the excited-state properties of these unique chiral nanorings
exhibit anomalous and extremely interesting optoelectronic properties, with
excitation energies growing larger as a function of size (in contradiction with
typical quantum confinement effects). While the first electronic excitation in
armchair nanorings is forbidden with a weak oscillator strength, we find that
the same excitation in chiral nanorings is allowed due to a strong geometric
symmetry breaking. Most importantly, among all the possible nanorings
synthesized in this fashion, we show that only one ring, corresponding to a
SWNT with chiral indices (n+3,n+1), is extremely special with large
photoinduced transitions that are most readily observable in spectroscopic
experiments.Comment: Accepted by the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letter
Pion Interferometry for a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets
We examine the two-pion interferometry for a granular source of quark-gluon
plasma droplets. The evolution of the droplets is described by relativistic
hydrodynamics with an equation of state suggested by lattice gauge results.
Pions are assumed to be emitted thermally from the droplets at the freeze-out
configuration characterized by a freeze-out temperature . We find that the
HBT radius decreases if the initial size of the droplets decreases.
On the other hand, depends on the droplet spatial distribution and
is relatively independent of the droplet size. It increases with an increase in
the width of the spatial distribution and the collective-expansion velocity of
the droplets. As a result, the value of can lie close to
for a granular quark-gluon plasma source. The granular model of the emitting
source may provide an explanation to the RHIC HBT puzzle and may lead to a new
insight into the dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma phase transition.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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