Synchronous double primary malignant tumor of the gallbladder and liver: a case report

We report a case of synchronous double primary tumor of gallbladder and liver. A 63-year-old male was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal discomfort. Enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed acute cholecystitis with tiny gallbladder stones and a 2.2 cm size enhanced nodule in the left lobe of the liver. Under the impression of acute cholecystitis with gall bladder stones and hepatocellular carcinoma of the left Liver, the patient underwent a laparotomy. At laparotomy, a mass was palpated on the surface of the neck portion of the gall bladder. Intraoperative frozen diagnosis revealed adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder. The patient was diagnosed as having gall bladder cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, so extended cholecystectomy with dissection of regional lymph nodes and left hemihepatectomy were performed. Histological examination revealed moderated differentiated adenocarcinoma of gallbladder and hepatocellular carcinoma of liver. To our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of primary malignant tumor of the gallbladder and liver has never been published before. The patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrence 17 months after surgery

Sociodemographic factors that affect the real treatment rate among patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background Real treatment rate among patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS) and also its association with sociodemographic factor (SDF) have not been extensively investigated. Methods Data were obtained from the 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Among 10,254 individuals at the first baseline survey in 2006, a total of 4383 participants were ultimately included for final analysis. For statistical analysis, chi-square tests and generalized estimating equation regression models were conducted. Results The prevalence rate of BPH/LUTS was 6.1% (266/4383) and real treatment rate was 58.3 percent (155/266). After adjusting for all confounders, odds ratio (OR) for the treatment of prostate disease in patients ages 55-64 and 65 years or more was 1.884 times higher (95% CI 1.096-3.237; p = .022) and 2.989 times higher (95% CI 1.755-5.091; p < .0001) than patients ages under 55, respectively. The OR for treatment of prostate disease in those residing in urban areas was 0.756 times lower (95% CI 0.573-0.998; p = .048) than those residing in metropolitan areas. The OR for treatment of prostate disease in those with bad self-rated health was 1.886 times higher (95% CI 1.461-2.436; p < .0001), compared to those with good self-rated health. Conclusion The real treatment rate among patients diagnosed with BPH/LUTS was 58.3%, a larger treatment rate than earlier reports. However, there are still a large proportion of patients who do not seek treatment; and age, residential area, and self-rated health were all found to be associated with real treatment rate

Exploring Factors That Influence Students’ Behaviors in Information Security

Due to the ever-increasing use of the Internet, information security has become a critical issue in society. This is especially the case for young adults who have different attitudes towards information security practices. In this research, we examine factors that motivate college students’ information security behaviors. Based on the concept of fear arousal in the presence of a threatened event, a well-founded theory known as Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is adopted in the research model. Social norms and habit factors are integrated to the model as a means to assess students’ behaviors of information security. A survey of 202 responses is used to test the designed model using structural equation modeling to analyze relationships among variables. Results indicated that students are very motivated to practice information security if they perceive high levels of severity, response efficacy, response costs and self-efficacy. Their intentions, however, are not affected by perceived vulnerability or by social influence. Our findings suggest that PMT is a valuable model for predicting students’ attitudes towards information security and that their motivation is influenced by education in security awareness and understanding severity of such issues

Effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract on hepatic damage in rats

Purpose: To determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA) isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN).Methods: The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of D/DA was assessed in a rat model using blood tests, western blotting, and histopathological analyses to identify the pharmaceutical effects of D/DA on liver enzymes and liver morphology.Results: The DPPH scavenging activity of D/DA was 47.11 μg/mL. Administration of D/DA to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats led to a decrease (13.59 %) in the total liver mass of control rats. Decursin and decursinol angelate also lowered the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but increased the concentrations of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Histological examination revealed that D/DA also reduced hepatocellular damage in the rats.Conclusion: D/DA from AGN has significant anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidant activities, and thus, is a potential herbal drug for treating liver damage. Keywords: Decursin, Decursinol angelate, Antihepatotoxicity, Antioxidant, Angelica gigas Naka