Generic Lightlike Submanifolds of an Indefinite Cosymplectic Manifold

Lightlike geometry has its applications in general relativity, particularly in black hole theory. Indeed, it is known that lightlike hypersurfaces are examples of physical models of Killing horizons in general relativity (Galloway, 2007). In this paper, we introduce the definition of generic lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite cosymplectic manifold. We investigate new results on a class of generic lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite cosymplectic manifold

A Basic Inequality for the Tanaka-Webster Connection

For submanifolds tangent to the structure vector field in Sasakian space forms, we establish a Chen's basic inequality between the main intrinsic invariants of the submanifold (namely, its pseudosectional curvature and pseudosectional curvature on one side) and the main extrinsic invariant (namely, squared pseudomean curvature on the other side) with respect to the Tanaka-Webster connection. Moreover, involving the pseudo-Ricci curvature and the squared pseudo-mean curvature, we obtain a basic inequality for submanifolds of a Sasakian space form tangent to the structure vector field in terms of the Tanaka-Webster connection

Clinical Characteristics of Monomorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunosuppression and Epstein-Barr virus infection. PTLD is classified into three major categories: early lesions, polymorphic PTLD, and monomorphic PTLD. The majority of monomorphic PTLD cases are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell origin. This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the incidence, clinical manifestation, treatment, and outcomes of monomorphic PTLD among 5,817 recipients of solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from five institutions. Fourteen patients with monomorphic PTLD were identified (male:female 11:3; median age 42.6 yr, range 24-60). The overall incidence rate was 0.24%. The most common disease type was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=7). The median time between the transplant and diagnosis of PTLD was 85.8 months. However, all cases of PTLD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation occurred within 1 yr after transplantation. Ten of the 14 patients had EBV-positive tumor. Fourteen patients received combination systemic chemotherapy and four patients were treated with radiation therapy. Ten patients achieved a complete response (CR) and two patients a partial response (PR). The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 36.6 months. Nine patients remain alive (eight CR, one PR). Nine of 11 solid organ transplantations preserved graft function. The present study indicates a lower incidence rate and a longer median time before the development of PTLD than those of previous reports. Careful monitoring was needed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for PTLD

Past, Present and Future Molecular Approaches to Improve Yield in Wheat

This chapter addresses the development and use of molecular markers for yield enhancement in wheat. Since their key goal for breeding is to maximize yield, extensive efforts have been made toward the improvement of yield. Agronomic traits related to yield, yield-related, disease resistance, and abiotic stresses are considered to be quantitative traits (QTLs), also known as complex traits, because they are controlled by numerous genes and are affected by environmental factors. Researchers have been studying such traits in the past decades for the development of molecular markers which can be used in various wheat breeding studies mainly involving restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Furthermore, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has accelerated the discovery of agronomically important genes. All of the technologies have enabled great advances for increasing the productivity of wheat. Here, the past history of first-generation sequencing, present status of second-generation sequencing, and future potential of translational genomics linked to the yield will be discussed

Unexpected Sudden Death of a 19-Year-Old Female with Congenital Single Coronary Artery Ostium during Exertion

Coronary artery anomalies are associated often with myocardial ischemia or sudden cardiac death. A 19-year-old woman who participated in an exertive game lost consciousness upon one such exertion. She was taken to a hospital where she died on the same day. An autopsy revealed that she had bifurcated coronary arteries, which arose from one coronary ostium in the left sinus of Valsalva. The right coronary artery arose from the left sinus and traveled between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The heart as well as the cardiac conduction system depended exclusively on the single coronary artery ostium for oxygenated blood supply, and the unbalanced blood distribution on her exertion probably led to sudden cardiac death. The case highlights the medicolegal importance of unexpected sudden cardiac death related to an anomalous origin of the coronary arteries

Ultraviolet photodepletion spectroscopy of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether complexes with alkali metal cations

Ultraviolet photodepletion spectra of dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether complexes with alkali metal cations (M+-DB18C6, M = Cs, Rb, K, Na, and Li) were obtained in the gas phase using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion-trap reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The spectra exhibited a few distinct absorption bands in the wavenumber region of 35450−37800 cm^(−1). The lowest-energy band was tentatively assigned to be the origin of the S_0-S_1 transition, and the second band to a vibronic transition arising from the “benzene breathing” mode in conjunction with symmetric or asymmetric stretching vibration of the bonds between the metal cation and the oxygen atoms in DB18C6. The red shifts of the origin bands were observed in the spectra as the size of the metal cation in M^+-DB18C6 increased from Li^+ to Cs^+. We suggested that these red shifts arose mainly from the decrease in the binding energies of larger-sized metal cations to DB18C6 at the electronic ground state. These size effects of the metal cations on the geometric and electronic structures, and the binding properties of the complexes at the S_0 and S_1 states were further elucidated by theoretical calculations using density functional and time-dependent density functional theories