75 research outputs found
The association of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development
OBJECTIVE: Low folic acid, folate and vitamin B12 might affect tooth formation and mineralization. The conversion of folic acid into folate is catalysed by the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) enzyme which is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Among 3728 mothers and their 10âyearâold children from the Generation R Study, we investigated associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Secondly, we checked the modifying effect of MTHFRâC677T polymorphism. METHODS: Information on folic acid supplementation was obtained by questionnaires. Concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured from venous samples taken in early pregnancy. Developmental stages of teeth were defined by the Demirjian method at the ageâ10 assessment. In addition, dental age of the children was calculated using the Dutch standard. GLM and multivariate linear regression models were built to study the associations. RESULTS: Folic acid supplementation started when pregnancy was known (β = â0.09; 95% CI: â0.17, â0.01) and folic acid supplementation started prior to known pregnancy (β = â0.12; 95% CI: â0.20, â0.04) were both associated with decelerated dental development by 1â2 months lower dental age of 10âyearâold children. Folate (β = â0.02, 95% CI: â0.05, 0.02) and vitamin B12 (β = 0.03, 95% CI: â0.00, 0.06) were not associated with dental age. MTHFRâC677T did not modify the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal folic acid supplementation delays dental development of children by 1â2 months dental age, whereas maternal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy do not affect the timing of child dental development
AI-based association analysis for medical imaging using latent-space geometric confounder correction
AI has greatly enhanced medical image analysis, yet its use in
epidemiological population imaging studies remains limited due to visualization
challenges in non-linear models and lack of confounder control. Addressing
this, we introduce an AI method emphasizing semantic feature interpretation and
resilience against multiple confounders. Our approach's merits are tested in
three scenarios: extracting confounder-free features from a 2D synthetic
dataset; examining the association between prenatal alcohol exposure and
children's facial shapes using 3D mesh data; exploring the relationship between
global cognition and brain images with a 3D MRI dataset. Results confirm our
method effectively reduces confounder influences, establishing less confounded
associations. Additionally, it provides a unique visual representation,
highlighting specific image alterations due to identified correlations.Comment: 18 pages; 7 figure
Early implant placement with or without alveolar ridge preservation in single tooth gaps renders similar esthetic, clinical and patient-reported outcome measures: One-year results of a randomized clinical trial
OBJECTIVES
To test whether early implant placement with alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) results in different esthetic, clinical and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared with early implant placement without ARP.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventy-five patients requiring single tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla were recruited. Following tooth extraction, the patients were randomly allocated to three groups: (a) ARP using demineralized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen (DBBM-C) covered by a collagen matrix (CM) (n = 25), (b) ARP using DBBM-C covered with a palatal graft (PG) (n = 25) and (c) spontaneous healing (control) (n = 25). Eight weeks after tooth extraction, a CBCT was taken and early implant placement was performed in all patients. Esthetic, clinical and PROMs were evaluated one year post-loading.
RESULTS
A total of 70 patients were available for re-examination at one year post-loading. The median mid-facial mucosal margin change amounted to -0.02 mm (IQR -0.27-0.46) in the CM group, -0.13 mm (IQR -0.44-0.25) in the PG group and -0.14 mm (IQR -0.29-0.07) in the control group, with no significant differences between the groups. Mean PES scores amounted to 7.0 ¹ 1.4 in the CM group, 7.1 ¹ 1.5 in the PG group and 7.3 ¹ 1.7 in the control group without significant differences between the groups. Plaque, bleeding on probing and probing depth did not differ between treatment groups. PROMs in general revealed no significant differences between the groups.
CONCLUSION
Early implant placement with ARP using either a collagen matrix or a palatal graft rendered similar esthetic, clinical and PROMs to early implant placement without ARP. When a failing tooth can be replaced with an implant within 2Â months after tooth extraction, the added value of ARP might be clinically negligible
Effectiveness of the new mandatory mouthguard use and orodental injuries in Dutch field hockey
Objectives Up to 68% of field hockey players have experienced at least one orodental injury in their sport career. Therefore, the Royal Dutch Hockey Association (KNHB) made mouthguard use mandatory for field hockey players during competition and training from August 2015 onwards. This study evaluates the effects of the new regulations on mouthguard use and the occurrence of injuries in Dutch field hockey. Methods A 35-item online questionnaire about mouthguard use and orodental injuries was sent to 13 field hockey clubs in the Netherlands. Absolute numbers and percentages of mouthguard ownership, mouthguard use, number and type of injuries were assessed. The results were related to comparable data before mandatory mouthguard use. Associations of gender and training frequency with the number of injuries were analysed with logistic regression. Results In total, 1169 hockey players were included in the study and almost all owned a mouthguard (females:99.6%, males:93.7%), which significantly increased after implementation (p < 0.001). 90.6% of the respondents wore a mouthguard during matches and 70.1% during training. Of the 1169 players, 68(5.8%) experienced at least one orodental injury after the implementation with a total of 100 injuries. Injuries happened more often during matches (63.2%) than during training (36.8%). Lip cuts account for most of the injuries, the number of broken (p = 0.116) and knocked out teeth (p = 0.026) decreased. Conclusion Although mouthguard use already increased in recent years, the new regulations led to an additional increase and a successful change of attitude towards mouthguard use. Most importantly, the severity of orodental injuries decreased measurable
Mandibular distraction to correct severe non-isolated mandibular hypoplasia:The role of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in decision making
Skeletal maturation in relation to ethnic background in children of school age: The Generation R Study
Ethnicity is a well-established determinant of pediatric maturity, but the underlying genetic and environmental contributions to these ethnic differences are poorly comprehended. We aimed to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on skeletal age (SA), an assessment of pediatric maturation widely used in clinical settings. We included children from the Generation R Study, a multiethnic population-based pregnancy cohort, assessed at a mean age of 9.78 (Âą0.33) years. SA was evaluated by a trained observer on hand DXA scans using the Greulich and Pyle method. Ethnic background was defined as geographic ancestry (questionnaire-based assessment) (N = 5325) and genetic ancestry (based on admixture analysis) (N = 3413). Associations between the ethnic background and SA were investigated separately in boys and girls, using linear regression models adjusted for age, height and BMI. Based on geographic ancestry, 84% of the children were classified as European, 6% as Asian and 10% as African. Children of European background had on average younger SA than those of Asian or African descent. Asian boys had 0.46 (95% CI 0.26â0.66, p-value < 0.0001) and African boys 0.36 years (95% CI 0.20â0.53, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European boys. Similarly, Asian girls showed 0.64 (95% CI 0.51â0.77, p-value < 0.0001) and African girls 0.38 years (95% CI 0.27â0.48, p-value < 0.0001) older SA as compared to European girls. A similar pattern was observed in the analysis with genetically-defined ancestry. Furthermore, an increase in the proportion of Asian or African component was associated with older SA in both boys (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06â0.13, p-value < 0.0001) and girls (log[Non-European/European]proportion = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04â0.08, p-value < 0.0001). In summary, children of Asian and African backgrounds have on average older SA as compared to children of European descent, partially explained by a genetic com
Optimizing the Psychosocial Function Measures in the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Standard Set for Cleft
The association of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development
Objective: Low folic acid, folate and vitamin B12 might affect tooth formation and mineralization. The conversion of folic acid into folate is catalysed by the methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHFR) enzyme which is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Among 3728 mothers and their 10-year-old children from the Generation R Study, we investigated associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and prenatal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations with child dental development. Secondly, we checked the modifying effect of MTHFR-C677T polymorphism. Methods: Information on folic acid supplementation was obtained by questionnaires. Concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured from venous samples taken in early pregnancy. Developmental stages of teeth were defined by the Demirjian method at the age-10 assessment. In addition, dental age of the children was calculated using the Dutch standard. GLM and multivariate linear regression models were built to study the associations. Results: Folic acid supplementation started when pregnancy was known (β = â0.09; 95% CI: â0.17, â0.01) and folic acid supplementation started prior to known pregnancy (β = â0.12; 95% CI: â0.20, â0.04) were both associated with decelerated dental development by 1-2 months lower dental age of 10-year-old children. Folate (β = â0.02, 95% CI: â0.05, 0.02) and vitamin B12 (β = 0.03, 95% CI: â0.00, 0.06) were not associated with dental age. MTHFR-C677T did not modify the associations. Conclusions: Maternal folic acid supplementation delays dental development of children by 1-2 months dental age, whereas maternal folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in early pregnancy do not affect the timing of child dental development
Personalizing dental screening and prevention protocols in dentulous patients with oropharyngeal cancer undergoing radiotherapy:A retrospective cohort study
Objectives:Patients with head and neck cancer are routinely screened for dental foci prior to radiotherapy (RT) to prevent post- RT tooth extractions associated with an increased risk of osteoradionecrosis. We evaluated the risk factors for post-RT tooth extraction to personalise dental screening and prevention protocols prior to RT. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included dentulous patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer who had undergone radiation therapy at doses 60â70 Gy and achieved a disease-free survival of ⼠1 year (N = 174). Risk factors were assessed using Cox regression models. Results: The cumulative incidence of post-RT tooth extraction was 30.7 % at 5 years. Main indications for extraction (n = 62) were radiation caries (n = 20) and periodontal disease (n = 27). Risk factors associated (p < 0.05) with radiation caries-related extractions included active smoking, alcohol abuse, poor oral hygiene, parotid gland irradiation, and mandibular irradiation. A high-dose volume in the mandible was associated with periodontal disease events. Conclusion: Post-RT extractions due to radiation caries were influenced by lifestyle factors and RT dose in the mandible and parotid glands. Periodontal disease-related extractions were primarily associated with the mandibular dose. During dental screening these post-RT risk factors should be taken into account to prevent osteoradionecrosis.</p
- âŚ