Historia demográfica del guanaco de los últimos 10.000 años, en el sur de Mendoza

Según antecedentes zooarqueológicos hace 2.000 años atrás la población de guanacos disminuyó debido a la sobre explotación antrópica. El objetivo es estudiar la variación en el tamaño de la población del guanaco (Lama guanicoe) en el sur de Mendoza desde los últimos 10.000 años. Para ello, a fin de reconstruir la historia demográfica del guanaco se estudiaron 60 muestras provenientes de distintos sitios arqueológicos que datan de 10.000 a 100 años de antigüedad, y 19 muestras modernas. Las muestras antiguas fueron enriquecidas con el ADN mitocondrial usando MyBaits y secuenciadas por NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) en la plataforma de Illumina en un MiSeq. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados con SeqPrep y dos pipelines (con Bowtie2 o MIA & MA), los fragmentos duplicados se eliminaron con Samtools. Los análisis se realizaron con el alineamiento de la región mitocondrial D-loop (1.217 bp) de muestras antiguas y modernas provenientes de la misma región. La reconstrucción demográfica se realizó con BEAST haciendo uso de la inferencia Bayesiana calibrada con la edad de cada muestra. En dichos análisis detectamos la disminución en el tamaño de la población desde 2.500 a 250 años antes del presente, el cual coincide con el registro arqueológico, y luego el tamaño poblacional se mantiene constante desde 250 años atrás al presente.Fil: Abbona, Cinthia Carolina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Reg.san Rafael. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Jeff. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Wolverton, Steve. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Neme, Gustavo Adolfo. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Reg.san Rafael. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente.; ArgentinaXVII Congreso Latinoamericano de Genética; XLVII Congreso Argentino de Genética; LII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Genética de Chile; VI Congreso de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Genética; V Congreso Latinoamericano de Genética Humana; V Simposio Latinoamericano de Citogenética y EvoluciónMendozaArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Genétic

Were domestic camelids present on the prehispanic South American agricultural frontier? An ancient DNA study

The southern boundary of prehispanic farming in South America occurs in central Mendoza Province, Argentina at approximately 34 degrees south latitude. Archaeological evidence of farming includes the recovery of macrobotanical remains of cultigens and isotopic chemistry of human bone. Since the 1990s, archaeologists have also hypothesized that the llama (Lama glama), a domesticated South American camelid, was also herded near the southern boundary of prehispanic farming. The remains of a wild congeneric camelid, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), however, are common in archaeological sites throughout Mendoza Province. It is difficult to distinguish bones of the domestic llama from wild guanaco in terms of osteological morphology, and therefore, claims that llama were in geographic areas where guanaco were also present based on osteometric analysis alone remain equivocal. A recent study, for example, claimed that twenty-five percent of the camelid remains from the high elevation Andes site of Laguna del Diamante S4 were identified based on osteometric evidence as domestic llama, but guanaco are also a likely candidate since the two species overlap in size. We test the hypothesis that domesticated camelids occurred in prehispanic, southern Mendoza through analysis of ancient DNA. We generated whole mitochondrial genome datasets from 41 samples from southern Mendoza late Holocene archaeological sites, located between 450 and 3400 meters above sea level (masl). All camelid samples from those sites were identified as guanaco; thus, we have no evidence to support the hypothesis that the domestic llama occurred in prehispanic southern Mendoza.Fil: Abbona, Cinthia Carolina. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Reg.san Rafael. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Neme, Gustavo Adolfo. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Reg.san Rafael. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Johnson, Jeff. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Kim, Tracy. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Gil, Adolfo Fabian. Universidad Tecnologica Nacional. Facultad Reg.san Rafael. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Evolucion, Ecologia Historica y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Wolverton, Steve. University of North Texas; Estados Unido

Ethnobiology 5: Interdisciplinarity in an Era of Rapid Environmental Change

<p class="Abstract">Ethnobiology 5 stems from Eugene Hunn’s four phases of the history of ethnobiology and focuses on the relevance of ethnobiological research in the context of environmental and cultural change.  It refers to a contemporary phase of the field’s historical development.  In this paper, I argue that ethnobiology is preadapted to be a scholarly umbrella for a number of disciplines that concern human-environment interactions, suggesting that one goal of Ethnobiology 5 is to bridge traditional academic boundaries in order to broaden the community of ethnobiologists. Another goal of Ethnobiology 5 is to capitalize on and communicate the relevance of ethnobiological scholarship for solving problems related to contemporary environmental and cultural crises.  Indeed, ethnobiology is not a subfield of any traditional discipline and by the nature of its name bridges humanities, social science, and science.  Ethnobiology has always been interdisciplinary in terms of its subject matter, yet its community of scholars is relatively small compared to mission-driven disciplines, such as conservation biology.  Venues for publication and presentation of ethnobiological research, as well as how ethnobiologists portray their research, are critical to growing ethnobiology.</p

The Pursuit of Ecotopia: Lessons from Indigenous and Traditional Societies for the Human Ecology of Our Modern World

Review of The Pursuit of Ecotopia: Lessons from Indigenous and Traditional Societies for the Human Ecology of Our Modern World. Eugene N. Anderson. 2010. Praeger Publishers, Santa Barbara. Pp. 251. $44.95 (Hardcover). ISBN 0313381305

The Pursuit of Ecotopia: Lessons from Indigenous and Traditional Societies for the Human Ecology of Our Modern World

Review of The Pursuit of Ecotopia: Lessons from Indigenous and Traditional Societies for the Human Ecology of Our Modern World. Eugene N. Anderson. 2010. Praeger Publishers, Santa Barbara. Pp. 251. $44.95 (Hardcover). ISBN 0313381305

The Forest Unseen: A Year’s Watch in Nature. By David George Haskell. 2013. Penguin Books, New York. 288 pp.

Book Review of "The Forest Unseen: A Year's Watch in Nature" written by David George Haskell