2,649 research outputs found
Integration through monetary union: A sceptical view
After several years of unrest in the international monetary scene, the governments of the EEC countries agreed in December 1969 at The Hague to place monetary union in Europe on the agenda. Behind this agreement, however, resides a wide range of differences of opinion, which are partly expressed in the host of plans for European monetary integration that have been published in recent months. One essential divergency of opinion is, whether one should first peg intra-Community exchange rates or whether one should first try to harmonize policies and wait till stable exchange rates come about almost by themselves. A premature fixing of exchange rates would lead to β unwanted waves of imported inflation in the more stable countries and to imported deflation and unemployment in the less stable countries, β regional problems in those parts of the EEC that have had a tradition of wage push, and the danger of undue industrial concentration in those parts that have a tradition , of relatively high labour discipline, and β the necessity for sizeable intra-EEC fiscal transfers in favour of cost-push regions to counterbalance the negative effects of high wage costs. These transfers might easily overstress the European solidarity, that is the readiness to pay, of the more stable national regions. These problems appear to be bigger if one thinks of an enlarged EEC. Contrary to the costs and risks of premature exchange rate fixing, the benefits are, it seems, frequently overestimated: As long as the free flow of goods and capital is guaranteed (and not impaired in defense of outdated fixed parities, as has often been the case in the past) most of the beneficial economic integration effects are secured. To avoid a setback in integration - similar to the recent setback due to the premature fixing of common agricultural prices - it therefore seems advisable not to force together divergent underlying trends, but rather to implement elastic devices for a harmonious growing-together of the various European economies. --
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ½
Adoption and Diffusion of Digital Information Goods: An Empirical Analysis of the German Paid Content Market
The rapid growth of the Internet and electronic commerce stimulates new digital innovations. Electronic markets can influence both adoption and diffusion processes of digital innovations in significant ways. The difficulties for market transactions of information goods and the change from free to paid content on websites in the last years has led to research questions about how individuals decide whether and when to adopt paid content innovations and how this innovation diffuses throughout a population. This article presents empirical evidence about the adoption and diffusion process of paid content. It focuses on the differences of the adoption and diffusion process of different paid content product types if there exists an established, non-digital counterpart. The results in this paper help media managers to design business models for paid content by forecasting the adoption and diffusion process of the offered digital content product
Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π. Π. ΠΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π‘-Cu-Zn ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ-ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²
Isotopengeochemie gasfΓΆrmiger Kohlenwasserstoffe - Ein Beitrag zur Prospektion von ErdΓΆl und Erdgas - (Kurzfassung)
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