Fatty acid (FA) composition of adipose tissue sites.

<p>Ratio of FA percentages in subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) by chain length and number of double bonds.</p

Fatty acid composition of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (pNEFA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT).

<p>Fatty acid (FA) percentage concentrations (mol%) of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (pNEFA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) are given as median and interquartile range.</p><p>*- significantly higher in vAT compared to sAT, +- significantly lower in vAT compared to sAT; Wilcoxon test adjusted for multiple testing with Sidak correction: significance is assumed with p<0.001068 achieving a global significance level of 0.05.</p

Regression models for AT FA and pNEFA.

<p>Comparison of analysed subcutaneous (sAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) fatty acid composition and predicted AT fatty acid composition by using different multiple linear regression models with pNEFA (blue squares) or pNEFA+BMI (orange circles).</p

Correlation of pNEFA and AT sites.

<p>Correlation coefficients (r) of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (pNEFA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT). FA are arranged by chain length and double bond number. Colour gradient with red (r = 0), yellow (r = 0.5) and green (r = 1). † p>0.001068.</p

Quantile regression models.

<p>Quantile regression models were established to predict visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT) by plasma nonesterified fatty acids (pNEFA)±BMI. For model comparison, ANOVA was performed whereas presented p-values indicate significant more explanation of variance with model containing pNEFA and BMI.</p

Manhattan plots for the associations of plasma fasting leptin (A) and fasting insulin (B) with plasma metabolites.

<p>Results are based on one multiple linear mixed models model for each metabolite: we regressed each metabolite on leptin, adiponectin, insulin, age, sex, and BMI and included a random intercept for batch number. Standardized β estimates (y-axis) of 200 metabolites and metabolite ratios are presented, grouped according to their chemical properties (x-axis). Estimates quantify the number of standard deviation units metabolite concentration changes with an increase in one standard deviation in log-transformed leptin and untransformed insulin concentrations. In bold are those metabolites which were significantly related to leptin / insulin. The coloring of the points indicates the Bonferroni corrected P-value [<i>P</i>_BF] of the respective β estimate as indicated in the color bar below the plot; the black vertical line in the color bar indicates the Bonferroni corrected significance level. CPT-1 reflects the acylcarnitine ratio (C16+C18)/C0; CPT-2 reflects the acylcarnitine ratio C2/(C16+C18). Abbreviations: Carn, acylcarnitine; LCA, long-chain acylcarnitine; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; PCaa, diacyl-phosphatidylcholine; PCae, acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyeline; NEFA, non-esterified acid.</p

The scatter plot of SDS-BMI versus leptin, adiponectin, and insulin plasma concentrations provided along with a LOESS (locally fitted regression) line.

<p>The scatter plot of SDS-BMI versus leptin, adiponectin, and insulin plasma concentrations provided along with a LOESS (locally fitted regression) line.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study population.

<p>Data are given as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.</p

Correlation of folate catabolites in spot urine with 24 hour urine and blood folate concentrations.

<p><b><i>Comparison of folate catabolites in spot urine and 24 hour urine.</i></b> Creatinine normalized concentration of para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (A) and para-acetamidobenzoylglutamate (apABG) (B) in spot urine is correlated with daily excretion in 24 hour urine. <b><i>Correlations of urinary pABG with plasma and red blood cell folate, a comparison between baseline and week 12.</i></b> Scatterplots for para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG)/creatinine in spot urine related to plasma folate and red blood cell folate concentrations, at baseline (C, E, n = 51) and week 12 (D, F, n = 25). For ease of comparison, dashed lines in C, D, E and F indicate the lowest value of the respective biomarker at week 12.</p

Time course of plasma, red blood cell folate, urinary pABG and apABG during folic acid supplementation.

<p>Time course of the median concentrations (error bars = inter quartile range (IQR)) of plasma folate (nmol/L) (A), red blood cell folate (nmol/L) (B), pABG (nmol/mmol creatinine) (C) and apABG (nmol/mmol creatinine) (D) during folic acid supplementation. Significant changes from baseline: *: p = 0.005 and **: p≤0.001 (Wilcoxon’s test).</p