Prevalence (%) of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) for various populations and Basta.

<p>I.1–16 Samples from general (dental) populations II.1–10 Samples from selected (dental) populations, III.1–4 Samples from parents and siblings of probands, IV.1–4 Samples from geographically isolated populations. Ranges indicate a 95% confidence interval. References to all studies are given in (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065649#pone.0065649.s007" target="_blank">Table S1</a>).</p

Mean ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and individual data of comparative samples from Basta.

<p>Local animal bones and one soil sample yielded a narrow ‘local’ ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio for Basta.</p

Results of all individuals investigated by dental and/or Sr-isotope analysis from Basta.

<p>The age and sex determination of the individuals are based on international standardized methods <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065649#pone.0065649-Schultz1" target="_blank">[23]</a>. The denotation of the teeth follows the two-digit-system of the World Dental Federation. The investigated key feature, the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA), has three possible outcomes: presence (+), absence (–), or the trait is indiscernible (?) because the upper jaw itself is missing. The column ‘microdontia or other agenesis’ comprises maxillary lateral incisors with reduced size and/or other types of missing teeth. MLIA and microdontia represent a variable expression of the same developmental defect. Other types of teeth such as the premolars 35 and 45 can additionally be missing <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065649#pone.0065649-Alt3" target="_blank">[26]</a>. Only three individuals have Sr-isotope values clearly outside the local average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr. Analytical methods for Sr-isotope analysis follows <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065649#pone.0065649-Mller1" target="_blank">[29]</a> with minor modifications.</p

Sr-isotope compositions of tooth enamel (left) and comparative samples (right) from Basta.

<p>The former are plotted consecutively and show early and late mineralizing tooth pairs of individuals (highlighted with a tie-line) if applicable. Three individuals (14, 8/1, 39/2) plot clearly outside the ±2 SD local signal for Basta (shaded box: 0.70821±0.00008). Given the reported ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variation between ∼0.7053 and 0.7094 in modern food webs in the region <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065649#pone.0065649-Shewan1" target="_blank">[22]</a>, the observed overall variability for Basta is very small. In case of B39/2, only the first molar shows a non-local signature, which indicates that by the time of mineralization of the 2^nd premolar (∼year 6), this individual had already moved to Basta. B5060/1 M1 is only marginally below the local Sr-isotope range, which is interpreted not to be significant, also because the Sr-isotope signal of its PM2 is consistent with Basta (even identifying B5060/1 as a non-local would not change any of the conclusions herein).</p

Bilateral maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Basta, southern Jordan.

<p>The individual B37, a male, is one of ten affected adults (total n = 28). The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of his first and third molar match the local baseline data and are consistent with growing up at the site. Red: congenitally absent tooth, white: present tooth.</p

Plan of the cemetery at Szólád with the locations of selected grave goods.

<p>The colours of the graves symbolise the anthropological sex and age determinations (graphics: U. v. Freeden, D. Peters, C. Knipper).</p

Kernel density plot of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the enamel of male and female adults and subadult individuals from the Lombard cemetery at Szólád (graphics: C. Knipper).

<p>Kernel density plot of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the enamel of male and female adults and subadult individuals from the Lombard cemetery at Szólád (graphics: C. Knipper).</p

⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of human tooth enamel and bone from the cemetery at Szólád in comparison to modern vegetation, water, and soil samples from localities within a 12 km radius and from major geological units in the hills north of Lake Balaton.

<p>Ranges I and II are derived from the data distribution of the tooth enamel of the children, illustrated in the kernel density plot (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110793#pone-0110793-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5</a>). The data from Kestzthely-Fenékpuszta and Balatonszárszó were taken from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110793#pone.0110793-HeinrichTamska1" target="_blank">[79]</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110793#pone.0110793-Whittle1" target="_blank">[57]</a> respectively (graphics: C. Knipper).</p

Model of the Szólád community's residential changes and occupation of the cemetery.

<p>The background colours symbolise the different Sr isotope baseline values of the settlement locations. The symbols for the females, males and subadults are marked with the colour of the locality of their childhood. The colours red and purple denote long-distance migrants. Individuals with shades that differ from the background are non-local to the locations they are mapped in. The model is a hypothetical explanation of the occupation of the Szólád cemetery with local and non-local individuals in line with the strontium isotope data distribution (graphics: D. Peters, C. Knipper).</p

Map showing the location of the Szólád cemetery on the southern shore of Lake Balaton and the sites of Balatonszárszó and Kestzthely-Fenékpuszta, which have yielded strontium isotope reference data.

<p>The DEM is based on SRTM (90 m) data, edited by H.-J. Köhler, U. v. Freeden, D. Peters and C. Knipper.</p