Spectral Dependence of Polarized Radiation due to Spatial Correlations

We study the polarization of light emitted by spatially correlated sources. We show that in general polarization acquires nontrivial spectral dependence due to spatial correlations. The spectral dependence is found to be absent only for a special class of sources where the correlation length scales as the wavelength of light. We further study the cross correlations between two spatially distinct points that are generated due to propagation. It is found that such cross correlation leads to sufficiently strong spectral dependence of polarization which can be measured experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

CALIFORNIA FARMERS' MARKETS SELLER PRICE PERCEPTIONS: THE NORMATIVE AND THE POSITIVE

Demand and Price Analysis,

TECHNOLOGY VALUATION DISTRIBUTIONS WITH HETEROGENEOUS ADOPTERS

This paper examines technology benefit allocation between an innovating firm and heterogeneous technology adopters. Using a triangular distribution of adopter innovation value, we find that as the upper bound increases, optimal innovation price increases, but at a slower rate. Similarly, as the lower bound decreases, price decreases and producer benefits increase. Finally, greater producer heterogeneity leads to greater producer benefits from innovation in non-competitive markets. An empirical application of the model is considered, bovine somatotropin adoption on dairy farms. The model generates an intuitive explanation of the common finding that average adopters are making zero or negative profits.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Barriers to Workplace Advancement Experienced by Native Americans

Glass Ceiling ReportGlassCeilingBackground8NativeAmericans.pdf: 10836 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Does Electronic Physician-to-Patient Communication Improve the Quality of Care in an Ambulatory Setting?

Several studies suggest that patients want the ability to communicate electronically with their physicians and that electronic communication can facilitate patient-centered care. However, despite patient demand and a myriad of possible benefits, most physicians have resisted providing this option. This study uses patient provided quality data from a leading online physician-rating site. This novel approach allows us to compare the quality ratings of 1275 general practitioners and family physicians in the U.S. and Canada. Our data suggest that patients rate the quality of care received higher for general practitioners and family physicians that answers patient email. Next, our data suggest that patients in Canada rate the quality of care they receive higher than American patients. Finally, while email makes a difference in perceived quality of care in both countries, our data suggest that it makes a greater difference for American patients

Cellular Rejection

Mounting experimental data suggest that the homograft reaction is intimately related to the small lymphocyte. It is evident that both the afferent and efferent arcs of transplant immunity are dependent upon the intactness of the lymphoid system. The lymphocyte has the ability to recognize the foreign antigen, is involved in the activity of cell-bound antibodies, and may be involved in the inductive processes leading to antibody formation

Thermal analysis of high-bandwidth and energy-efficient 980 nm VCSELs with optimized quantum well gain peak-to-cavity resonance wavelength offset

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 243508 (2017) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003288.The static and dynamic performance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) used as light-sources for optical interconnects is highly influenced by temperature. We study the effect of temperature on the performance of high-speed energy-efficient 980 nm VCSELs with a peak wavelength of the quantum well offset to the wavelength of the fundamental longitudinal device cavity mode so that they are aligned at around 60 °C. A simple method to obtain the thermal resistance of the VCSELs as a function of ambient temperature is described, allowing us to extract the active region temperature and the temperature dependence of the dynamic and static parameters. At low bias currents, we can see an increase of the −3 dB modulation bandwidth f−3dB with increasing active region temperature, which is different from the classically known situation. From the detailed analysis of f−3dB versus the active region temperature, we obtain a better understanding of the thermal limitations of VCSELs, giving a basis for next generation device designs with improved temperature stability

VALUING LOSSES FROM DEPOPULATING MICHIGAN DAIRY HERDS

Depopulating dairy herds in the effort to eradicate disease would have significant economic effects. This paper evaluates farm-level effects that might occur and puts forth a method for quantifying losses. The reader is directed elsewhere for industry or state-level effects of disease eradication or depopulation.Livestock Production/Industries,