Continuum limit of parton distribution functions from the pseudo-distribution approach on the lattice

Precise exploration of the partonic structure of the nucleon is one of the most important aims of high-energy physics. In recent years, it has become possible to address this topic with first-principle lattice QCD investigations. In this talk, we focus on the so-called pseudo-distribution approach to determine the isovector unpolarized PDFs. In particular, we employ three lattice spacings to study discretization effects and extract the distributions in the continuum limit, at a pion mass of around 370 MeV. Also, for the first time with pseudo-PDFs, we explore effects of the 2-loop matching from pseudo- to light-cone distributions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory LATTICE 2022, 8-13 August 2022, Bonn, German

Continuum limit of parton distribution functions from the pseudo-distribution approach on the lattice

Precise quantification of the structure of nucleons is one of the crucial aims of hadronic physics for the coming years. The expected progress related to ongoing and planned experiments should be accompanied by calculations of partonic distributions from lattice QCD. While key insights from the lattice are expected to come for distributions that are difficult to access experimentally, it is important that lattice QCD can reproduce the well-known unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) with full control over systematic uncertainties. One of the novel methods for accessing the partonic $x$-dependence is the pseudo-distribution approach, which employs matrix elements of a spatially-extended nonlocal Wilson-line operator of length $z$. In this paper, we address the issue of discretization effects, related to the necessarily nonzero value of the lattice spacing $a$, which start at first order in $a$ as a result of the nonlocal operator. We use twisted mass fermions simulated at three values of the lattice spacing, at a pion mass of 370 MeV, and extract the continuum limit of isovector unpolarized PDFs. We also test, for the first time in the pseudo-distribution approach, the effects of the recently derived two-loop matching. Finally, we address the issue of the reliability of the extraction with respect to the maximal value of $z$.Comment: 31 pages, 20 figure

Molecular genetics of PKU in Poland and potential impact of mutations on BH4 responsiveness

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has been recently approved as a treatment of patients with phenylketonuria. However, as a confirmation of BH4-responsiveness, it might require a very expensive trial treatment with BH4 or prolonged BH4-loading procedures. The selection of patients eligible for BH4-therapy by means of genotyping of the PAH gene mutations may be recommended as a complementary approach. A population-wide genotyping study was carried out in 1286 Polish phenyloketonuria-patients. The aim was to estimate the BH4 demand and to cover prospectively the treatment by a National Health Fund. A total of 95 types of mutations were identified. Genetic variants corresponding with probable BH4-responsiveness were found in 28.2% of cases. However, patients with mild or classical phenylketonuria who require continuous treatment accounted for 11.4% of the studied population only. Analysis of the published data shows similar percentage of the "BH4-responsive" variants of a PAH gene in patients from other countries of Eastern Europe. Therefore, it can be concluded, that the proportion of phenylketonuria-patients who could benefit from the use of BH4 reaches approximately 10% in the entire region

Disease specific knowledge about cystic fibrosis, patient education and counselling in Poland

introduction and objective. The presented study assesses levels of specific knowledge of the disease among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and their families, and evaluates the effectiveness of a targeted, disease specific education programme. materials and methods. A cross-sectional survey among 462 families with a CF child evaluated their knowledge of the disease. A one year follow up survey among 200 families assessed the effectiveness of an educational programme developed to correct gaps, errors and misconceptions identified in the previously administered survey. Self-administered, comprehensive, 5-domains, 45-item multiple-choice CF Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (CFDKQ) was anonymously completed by 462 subjects. results. 228 respondents were male (49%), 234 female (51%). The level of disease-specific knowledge in the age groups 0–6 and 7–10 years, was significantly higher than in 11–14 and 15–18 years of age groups (p<0.005). General medical and Genetics/Reproduction knowledge was low in all patients. Significant predictors of patient and parental knowledge were age and domicile. Patients and parents rely heavily on doctors for information about CF (77%). The follow-up survey (CFDKQ) emphasized that special education programmes significantly improved levels of disease specific knowledge (p<0.0001). conclusions. If left uncorrected, the misconceptions, gaps and errors in CF knowledge identified in the presented study could result in inadvertent non-adherence to treatment, and impact on the progression and outcome of the disease. Secondly, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted, disease specific information in improving disease knowledge of CF patients and their families, and highlights the value and need for the development of educational programmes for chronically ill patients and their families

Rozwój i wdrożenie zmodyfikowanych karabinów maszynowych rodziny UKM 2000 kalibru 7,62 mm

Zakłady Mechaniczne TARNÓW S.A. (ZMT, Tarnów, Poland), the manufacturer of the UKM 2000 family of 7.62 mm machine guns, has extensive experience producing and factory-repairing those guns, and collect the comments and observations of the weapon’s users. Taking them into consideration, ZMT has decided to modify the UKM 2000 family. The decision coincided with the stance of the MoD’s Armament Inspectorate, which suggested implementing such a modification, providing a detailed determination of its range (“Modification Guidelines”). First, the changes were introduced in the infantry version (UKM 2000P), then in the onboard version (UKM 2000C). The core aims of the modification were: increasing the weapon’s reliability and durability, improving the technology and ergonomics, and minimising the number of parts and groups that require individual fitting. Initially, the changes were supposed to encompass only a modest number of parts and groups; however, during the design works, the necessity to introduce deep modifications to the most important rifle elements, i.e. the bolt, the slide, the pin, the gas regulator and the feeding mechanism, appeared. During the research on the 7.62 mm modified UKM 2000P machine guns, properties such as the weapon’s operation in low temperatures, as well as its resistance to dynamic interaction with dust and sand, salt fog, and elevated humidity were investigated. ZMT placed the first batch of the machine guns under monitored operation, and the observations made during use so far clearly confirm the soundness and range of the changes introduced. It should be kept in mind, however, that it is not possible to develop a single, universal weapon configuration that would meet the needs of all users. Direct exchange of feedback between the User and the Manufacturer allows the structure to be optimised and guarantees development in the field in question.Zakłady Mechaniczne TARNÓW S.A. (ZMT), producent rodziny 7,62 mm karabinów maszynowych UKM 2000, posiadają bogate doświadczenia z produkcji i napraw zakładowych tych karabinów oraz gromadzą uwagi i spostrzeżenia z użytkowania tej broni. Uwzględniając je, ZMT podjęły decyzję o przeprowadzeniu modyfikacji rodziny UKM 2000. Decyzja ta zbiegła się ze stanowiskiem Inspektoratu Uzbrojenia MON, sugerującym przeprowadzenie takiej modyfikacji ze szczegółowym określeniem jej zakresu („Wytyczne do modyfikacji”). W pierwszej kolejności zmiany wprowadzono w odmianie piechotnej (UKM 2000P), a następnie w wersji pokładowej (UKM 2000C). Zasadniczymi celami modyfikacji było: zwiększenie niezawodności i trwałości broni, poprawienie ergonomii i technologiczności oraz zminimalizowanie ilości części i zespołów podlegających indywidualnemu pasowaniu. Początkowo zmiany miały objąć tylko kilka części i zespołów, jednak w trakcie prac projektowych zaistniała potrzeba dokonania głębokiej modyfikacji najważniejszych elementów karabinu, tj. zamka, suwadła, iglicy, regulatora gazowego oraz mechanizmu dosyłania. Podczas badań typu 7,62 mm zmodyfikowanych karabinów maszynowych UKM 2000P sprawdzono m.in. działanie broni w niskich temperaturach oraz odporność broni na dynamiczne działanie pyłu i piasku, na mgłę solną i podwyższoną wilgotność. ZMT objęły pierwszą partię karabinów maszynowych nadzorowaną eksploatacją, a dotychczasowe obserwacje z użytkowania jednoznacznie potwierdzają zasadność i zakres wprowadzonych zmian. Należy jednak pamiętać, że nie ma możliwości opracowania jednej uniwersalnej konfiguracji broni, zaspokajającej wymagania wszystkich użytkowników. Bezpośrednia wymiana uwag między Użytkownikiem a Producentem pozwala optymalizować konstrukcję i jest gwarantem rozwoju w przedmiotowym obszarze

Reasonableness of Enriching Cow&rsquo;s Milk with Vitamins and Minerals

Milk is an exceptional nutritional product that has been used for many millennia in human nutrition. Milk is a source of many valuable nutrients, including calcium, vitamin B, an especially significant amount of vitamin B2 and fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D and E. Milk is an attractive product for fortification as it has a high nutritional density in a small volume and a relatively low price. Research shows positive health effects of drinking milk and consuming dairy products. Even more health benefits can be obtained from consuming fortified dairy products. A literature review, current nutritional recommendations, medical recommendations and an analysis of the market situation all recommend introducing milk enriched with minerals in combination with vitamins to the market. This concept corresponds to the current market demand and may supplement the missing and expected range of fortified milk and the correct number of recipients