Ovarian Tumours and Ovarian Cancer

Fertility preservation in women with ovarian tumours and ovarian cancer is a major challenge. Borderline ovarian tumours, malignant germ cell tumours and sex cord stromal tumours are tumour entities for which adequate surgical staging is recommended. In these tumours, fertility-sparing surgery is possible and should be considered in women with a wish to conceive after treatment. After thorough and individual counselling, women with epithelial invasive ovarian cancer can also be treated safely with fertility-sparing surgery if, after complete surgical staging, a tumour stage of FIGA IA G1/G2 is documented. Higher stages with epithelial ovarian cancer should not be treated with fertility-sparing surgery. Controlled hormonal stimulation and cryopreservation of oocytes may be recommended in individual cases. GnRH agonists for medical protection of the ovarian reserve are still under debate. All women should have surgical treatment completed after delivery

Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO, galectins, and the renaissance of regulatory T cells

Is the concept of maternal tolerance preventing rejection of the semi-allogeneic 'fetal allograft' still valid?. Compilation of expert reviews of literature and recent advances in research on indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), regulatory T cells and galectin-1. A role for IDO in pregnancy success remains speculative, but solid data exist to support a role for Treg cells, and for galectin-1 in induction and action of Treg cells. Just as several signals may need to be simultaneously present to induce Th1 cytokine-triggered abortions, more than 1 signal may need to be simultaneously present to prevent rejection and ensure success. Both complement and coagulation pathways appear necessary for embryo execution.Fil: Terness, Peter. Universität Heidelberg; AlbaniaFil: Kallikourdes, Marinos. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Reino UnidoFil: Betz, Alexander G.. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Reino UnidoFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Saito, Shigeru. Universidad de Toyama; JapónFil: Clarck, David A.. Mc Master University; Canad