Leukocyte Attraction by CCL20 and Its Receptor CCR6 in Humans and Mice with Pneumococcal Meningitis

We previously identified CCL20 as an early chemokine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with pneumococcal meningitis but its functional relevance was unknown. Here we studied the role of CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 in pneumococcal meningitis. In a prospective nationwide study, CCL20 levels were significantly elevated in the CSF of patients with pneumococcal meningitis and correlated with CSF leukocyte counts. CCR6 deficient mice with pneumococcal meningitis and WT mice with pneumococcal meningitis treated with anti-CCL20 antibodies both had reduced CSF white blood cell counts. The reduction in CSF pleocytosis was also accompanied by an increase in brain bacterial titers. Additional in vitro experiments showed direct chemoattractant activity of CCL20 for granulocytes. In summary, our results identify the CCL20-CCR6 axis as an essential component of the innate immune defense against pneumococcal meningitis, controlling granulocyte recruitment

Geschwindigkeitsuntersuchungen am Falkenberger Granit

SIGLETIB: AC 8290+MF / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Tiefbohrung KTB Oberpfalz VB. Ergebnisse der geowissenschaftlichen Bohrungsbearbeitung im KTB-Feldlabor - Teuefenbereich von 0-480 m

SIGLETIB: RO 5527(88-1) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and TNF-α cooperate in the induction of keratinocyte apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Activation of skin keratinocytes followed by their apoptotic death leads to eczema and spongiosis formations in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) binds to its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), and controls many cellular activities, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of TWEAK and Fn14 in the formation of eczema in patients with AD. METHODS: Primary keratinocytes were isolated from nonlesional skin from patients with AD and psoriasis and from normal skin of healthy donors. Apoptosis analysis was performed by using annexin V/7-aminoactinomycin D and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining. The expression and regulation of TWEAK, TNF-α, Fn14, TNF receptor (TNFR) 1, and TNFR2 were measured by means of RT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis, and ELISA. TWEAK and Fn14 expression of lesional AD and psoriatic skin and normal control skin was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: TWEAK and TNF-α cooperate in the induction of apoptosis in primary keratinocytes obtained from patients with AD, patients with psoriasis, and healthy subjects and in artificial skin equivalents. TNFR1 and Fn14 were the main receptors involved. TWEAK upregulates TNF-α expression in primary keratinocytes, whereas TNF-α did not affect the expression of TWEAK and its receptors. High TWEAK expression was observed in AD lesions but not in psoriatic lesions or normal skin. Fn14 was highly expressed in the lesional skin of patients with AD and patients with psoriasis and in healthy control skin. CONCLUSION: The high expression of TWEAK in lesional AD skin contributes to the difference in keratinocyte apoptosis and lesional formation between AD and psoriasis. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved

Tiefbohrung KTB Oberpfalz VB Ergebnisse der geowissenschaftlichen Bohrungsbearbeitung im KTB-Feldlabor. Bericht 7. Teufenbereich von 3009,7-3500 m

SIGLETIB Hannover: RO 5527(89-5) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Tiefbohrung KTB Oberpfalz VB. Ergebnisse der geowissenschaftlichen Bohrungsbearbeitung im KTB-Feldlabor. Bericht 5 Teufenbereich von 1709-2500 m

TIB Hannover: RO 5527(89-2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

KTB pilot hole Results of geoscientific investigation in the KTB field laboratory - 0-4000,1 m

With 4 mapsTIB: RO 5527(90-8) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman