Causality bounds for neutron-proton scattering

We consider the constraints of causality and unitarity for the low-energy interactions of protons and neutrons. We derive a general theorem that non-vanishing partial-wave mixing cannot be reproduced with zero-range interactions without violating causality or unitarity. We define and calculate interaction length scales which we call the causal range and the Cauchy-Schwarz range for all spin channels up to J = 3. For some channels we find that these length scales are as large as 5 fm. We investigate the origin of these large lengths and discuss their significance for the choice of momentum cutoff scales in effective field theory and universality in many-body Fermi systems.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables, version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Czestosc wystepowania przeciwcial przeciwko Trichinella spiralis i Echinococcos spp. wsrod dzieci z chorobami atopowymi

Parasitic infestation and atopic diseases have common features. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of Trichinella and Echinococcus seropositivity in children with atopic diseases. The study group involved 72 children aged from 2,5 to 18 years with asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group comprised 30 children without allergic diseases. In 12 children with atopic diseases the serological tests were positive for Trichinella spiralis, in 11 for Echinococcus spp. and in 5 both for Trichinella and Echinococcus. In control group the serological tests were positive in 3,6 and 3 children respectively. There were no differences in occurrenee of positive results of serological tests in children with atopy and children without alillergic diseases

Causality in crude oil prices

Crude oil markets witness growing disparity between the quality of crudes supplied and demanded in the market. The market share of low-quality crudes is increasing due to the depletion of old fields and increasing demand. This is unnerving the practitioners and affecting the relevance of the traditional benchmark crudes due to the lack of lower quality benchmarks (Montepeque, 2005). In this article, we apply Granger causality tests to study the price dependence of 32 crudes in order to establish which crudes drive other prices and which ones simply follow general market trends. Our results indicate that some of the old benchmarks are still relevant while others can be disregarded. Our results also interestingly show that the low-quality Mediterranean Russian Urals crude, introduced in the late 1990s, has emerged recently as a significant driver of global prices.

Natural History of Aerosol Exposure with Marburg Virus in Rhesus Macaques

Marburg virus causes severe and often lethal viral disease in humans, and there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medical countermeasures. The sporadic occurrence of Marburg outbreaks does not allow for evaluation of countermeasures in humans, so therapeutic and vaccine candidates can only be approved through the FDA animal rule—a mechanism requiring well-characterized animal models in which efficacy would be evaluated. Here, we describe a natural history study where rhesus macaques were surgically implanted with telemetry devices and central venous catheters prior to aerosol exposure with Marburg-Angola virus, enabling continuous physiologic monitoring and blood sampling without anesthesia. After a three to four day incubation period, all animals developed fever, viremia, and lymphopenia before developing tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated liver enzymes, decreased liver function, azotemia, elevated D-dimer levels and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting a systemic inflammatory response with organ failure. The final, terminal period began with the onset of sustained hypotension, dehydration progressed with signs of major organ hypoperfusion (hyperlactatemia, acute kidney injury, hypothermia), and ended with euthanasia or death. The most significant pathologic findings were marked infection of the respiratory lymphoid tissue with destruction of the tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, and severe diffuse infection in the liver, and splenitis

Diesel price convergence and mineral oil taxation in Europe

We empirically analyse convergence of European producer and consumer prices for diesel fuel and investigate the role of excise taxation. By comparing the speed of convergence of prices and taxes we find a surprisingly fast speed of convergence for consumer prices. While this can in part be explained by fuel tourism, the main driving force is producer price dynamics. Tax convergence contributes weakly to price convergence, but the overall effect is to slow down consumer relative to producer price convergence.

Hematology.

<p>Hematology was performed following each blood collection. (A), (C), and (E) show hematology parameters for IM-exposed dose groups. (B), (D), and (F) show hematology parameters for aerosol-exposed dose groups.</p