Building evidence for improving childhood immunisation coverage in Africa.

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.The Expanded Programme on Immunisation has the potential to substantially reduce child mortality and contribute to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. We assessed the programme’s performance in Africa, the reasons for poor performance, and effective interventions for improving its performance on the continent. We used a combination of methods including systematic reviews, bibliometric analyses, generalised linear models, and grading of the quality of evidence. We found that African countries have made extraordinary advances since childhood immunisation programmes began in 1974. However, there exist wide inter-country and intra-country differences, and the quality of immunisation data is poor. Besides, vaccines are administered well after the recommended ages in many countries; leaving children exposed to deadly vaccine-preventable diseases for long periods. In addition, Africa’s contribution to the global immunisation research output is minimal. There is no association between research productivity and immunisation coverage in Africa, which may signal lack of interactive communication between policymakers and researchers. Furthermore, individual and contextual factors (defined at community and country levels) are independently associated with low immunisation coverage; suggesting that immunisation system strengthening should address people and the communities and societies in which they live. Lastly, we found moderate-to-high quality evidence that interactive educational meetings, audit and feedback, supportive supervision; and use of community health workers, parent reminders, home visits, interactive communication, mass media, and material incentives have the potential to improve childhood immunisation coverage in Africa

Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents

CITATION: Wiysonge, C. S. U. et al. 2015. Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9: Art. No.: CD011895, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011895.The original publication is available at https://www.cochranelibrary.comThis is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effects of interventions to improve vaccine uptake among adolescents in low, middle and high-income countries.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011895/fullPublisher's versio

Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis

CITATION: Wiysonge, C. S. U. et al. 2015. Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9: Art. No.: CD007952, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007952.pub3.The original publication is available at https://www.cochranelibrary.comBackground: Patient adherence to medications, particularly for conditions requiring prolonged treatment such as tuberculosis (TB), is frequently less than ideal and can result in poor treatment outcomes. Material incentives to reward good behaviour and enablers to remove economic barriers to accessing care are sometimes given in the form of cash, vouchers, or food to improve adherence. Objectives: To evaluate the effects ofmaterial incentives and enablers in patients undergoing diagnostic testing, or receiving prophylactic or curative therapy, for TB.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007952.pub3/fullPublisher's versio

Government regulation of private health insurance

CITATION: Wiysonge, C. S. U. et al. 2015. Government regulation of private health insurance. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4: Art. No.: CD011512, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011512.The original publication is available at https://www.cochranelibrary.comThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to assess the effects of policies that regulate private health insurance.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011512/fullPublisher's versio