In vitro-study of antioxidant extracts from Garcinia mangostana pericarp and Riesling grape pomace: A contribution to by-products valorization as cosmetic ingredients

The objective of the present study was to compare extracts from two different plant sources regarding their suitability as antioxidant cosmetic ingredients. Both, Garcinia mangostana pericarp, in Europe being widely considered as the non-edible part of a 'superfruit', and Riesling grape pomace accruing from vinification, represent important by-products from food processing. Mixtures of ethanol and water in different ratios were used for the preparation of polyphenol containing extracts. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined using well-established in vitro assays (Folin-Ciocalteu, ORAC, DPPH, and ABTS), and skin penetration was investigated by Franz-type diffusion experiments with porcine skin. Extraction of polyphenols was most effective using an equimolar ratio of ethanol and water for both raw materials. Absolute polyphenol contents of mangosteen pericarp extract (65360.71 +/- 1168.51 mg/kg DM) were higher than for grape pomace extract (18085.70 +/- 411.50 mg/kg DM). However, Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacities as well as in vitro antiradical activities did not adequately correspond to quantitative polyphenol estimations, as grape pomace extract showed relatively high antiradical capacities. When applied to pig skin, polyphenols from grape pomace extract were detected in low concentrations in the dermis as well as in the transdermal receptor fluid. In contrast, mangosteen pericarp xanthones were almost completely recovered with highest amounts detected in the dermis. In conclusion, both raw materials revealed potential as antioxidant ingredients for cosmetic formulations

Characterisation and quantification of xanthones from the aril and pericarp of mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana L.) and a mangosteen containing functional beverage by HPLC-DAD-MS n

Attention on mangosteen fruits as an ingredient of functional products is growing, particularly due to their rich content of xanthones. Whereas mangosteen products containing puree from the entire fruit of Garcinia mangostana L. are considered as novel food in the European Union, such products are widely used in the US due to their high antioxidant potential and traditional consumption in their countries of origin. With special emphasise on the xanthone profile and content, mangosteen pericarp, aril segments and a functional beverage made from whole mangosteens were compared. The fruit parts and the product showed a consistent pattern composed of mainly 7 xanthones, which could be unambiguously identified by LC-MS. Based on collision-induced dissociation experiments, fragmentation pathways of xanthones were suggested. The quantification of 7 derivatives contained in the arils, the pericarp and the functional beverage allowed an estimation of the amounts of bioactives wh ich are ingested by the consumption of fresh mangosteen fruits and beverages produced thereof. Total xanthone content of the pericarp was the highest, revealing its potential as functional ingredient - followed by the aril segments and the functional beverage. It has been shown, that the content of bioactive xanthones in 90 mL of the beverage (i.e. the recommended daily dose) corresponds to about 0.9 g of pericarp and the aril segments (30 g) of a single mangosteen. Since residual parts of pericarp are always ingested after usual peeling of the fruit, xanthone concentrations exceeding those of the nutritional beverage have been ingested, thus allowing to establish a safe history of use

A multinational study of acute and long-term outcomes of Type 1 galactosemia patients who carry the S135L (c.404C > T) variant of GALT

Patients with galactosemia who carry the S135L (c.404C > T) variant of galactose-1-P uridylyltransferase (GALT), documented to encode low-level residual GALT activity, have been under-represented in most prior studies of outcomes in Type 1 galactosemia. What is known about the acute and long-term outcomes of these patients, therefore, is based on very limited data. Here, we present a study comparing acute and long-term outcomes of 12 patients homozygous for S135L, 25 patients compound heterozygous for S135L, and 105 patients homozygous for two GALT-null (G) alleles. This is the largest cohort of S135L patients characterized to date. Acute disease following milk exposure in the newborn period was common among patients in all 3 comparison groups in our study, as were long-term complications in the domains of speech, cognition, and motor outcomes. In contrast, while at least 80% of both GALT-null and S135L compound heterozygous girls and women showed evidence of an adverse ovarian outcome, prevalence was only 25% among S135L homozygotes. Further, all young women in this study with even one copy of S135L achieved spontaneous menarche; this is true for only about 33% of women with classic galactosemia. Overall, we observed that while most long-term outcomes trended milder among groups of patients with even one copy of S135L, many individual patients, either homozygous or compound heterozygous for S135L, nonetheless experienced long-term outcomes that were not mild. This was true despite detection by newborn screening and both early and life-long dietary restriction of galactose. This information should empower more evidence-based counseling for galactosemia patients with S135L

A Multinational Study of Acute and Long-term Outcomes of Type 1 Galactosemia Patients Who Carry the S135L (c.404C>T) Variant of GALT

Patients with galactosemia who carry the S135L (c.404C>T) variant of GALT, documented to encode low-level residual GALT activity, have been under-represented in most prior studies of outcomes in Type 1 galactosemia. What is known about the acute and long-term outcomes of these patients, therefore, is based on very limited data. Here, we present a study comparing acute and long-term outcomes of 12 patients homozygous for S135L, 25 patients compound heterozygous for S135L, and 105 patients homozygous for two GALT-null (G) alleles. This is the largest cohort of S135L patients characterized to date. Acute disease following milk exposure in the newborn period was common among patients in all 3 comparison groups in our study, as were long-term complications in the domains of speech, cognition, and motor outcomes. In contrast, while at least 80% of both GALT-null and S135L compound heterozygous girls and women showed evidence of an adverse ovarian outcome, prevalence was only 25% among S135L homozygotes. Further, all young women in this study with even one copy of S135L achieved spontaneous menarche; this is true for only about 33% of women with classic galactosemia. Overall, we observed that while most long-term outcomes trended milder among groups of patients with even one copy of S135L, many individual patients, either homozygous or compound heterozygous for S135L, nonetheless experienced long-term outcomes that were not mild. This was true despite detection by newborn screening and both early and life-long dietary restriction of galactose. This information should empower more evidence-based counseling for galactosemia patients with S135L. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved