Optimisation of Bushveld PGE sampling programmes through the understanding of short and ultra-short range variability of various styles of mineralisation in Lonmin's PGE deposits

A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering (Mining) Johannesburg, 2015The short and ultra-short range Platinum Group Element (PGE) grade and thickness variability of the UG2 at the Marikana operations in the Western Bushveld were examined using statistical, geostatistical and geological observations. Methods are presented that can be used to optimise underground channel sample spacing and multiple short deflection drilling. The high relative nugget effect for PGE grade results in smoothed estimates close to the local area average and opportunities for selective mining are minimal in the UG2. Robust grade estimates can still be achieved by a very significant reduction in the amount of channel sampling over that currently being conducted. The information gained from multiple deflection drilling was found to be invaluable both from creating enhanced geological interpretation of the borehole as well as a much improved level of confidence than what would be achieved from a single borehole intersection

Salmon Calcitonin Attenuates Some Behavioural Responses to Nicotine in Male Mice

The behavioural responses to nicotine involve appetite-regulatory hormones; however, the effects of the anorexigenic hormone amylin on reward-related behaviours induced by nicotine remain to be established. Previous studies have shown that the amylinergic pathway regulates behavioural responses to alcohol, amphetamine and cocaine. Here, we evaluated the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT), an amylin and calcitonin receptor (CTR) agonist, on nicotine-induced locomotor stimulation and sensitisation as well as dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. Moreover, we investigated the effects of sCT on the acquisition and expression of nicotine-induced reward in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Finally, we performed Western Blot experiments in an attempt to identify the levels of the amylin receptor components CTRa, CTRb, and RAMP1 in reward-related areas of mice responding differently to repeated injections of sCT and nicotine in the locomotor sensitisation test. We found that sCT blocked nicotine’s stimulatory and dopamine-releasing effects and prevented its ability to cause locomotor sensitisation. On the other hand, sCT did not alter nicotine-induced acquisition and expression of CPP. Lastly, sCT-nicotine treated mice from the locomotor sensitisation experiment displayed higher levels of total CTR, i.e. CTRa and CTRb together, in the reward-processing laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) of the brain compared to mice treated with vehicle-nicotine. Overall, the present data reveal that activation of CTR or/and amylin receptors attenuates certain nicotine-induced behaviours in male mice, further contributing to the understanding of appetite-regulatory peptides in reward regulation

Sir, The Prison Committee of Bridewell Hospital, being very desirous of rendering that institution a useful house of correction and improvement, in aid of the police of the city of London, as well as a house of occupation and industry for such of the prisoners as cannot immediately obtain employment when discharged, have directed me to transmit you the following propositions, which they submitted to the last court, as the basis of the intended reform. ... [electronic resource].

Signed and dated: Richard Woodhouse, Clerk. Bridewell-Hospital, February 15, 1793.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from Bodleian Library (Oxford)

Bulletin of the Hill Museum : a magazine of lepidopterology ;

v. 1, no. 1-2 (1921-22