Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

Coordinating Permit Offices and the Development of Utility-Scale Geothermal Energy

Permitting is a major component of the geothermal development process. Better coordination across government agencies could reduce uncertainty of the process and the actual time of permitting. This presentation highlights various forms of coordinating permit offices at the state and federal level in the western United States, discusses inefficiencies and mitigation techniques for permitting natural resource projects, analyzes whether various approaches are easily adaptable to utility-scale geothermal development, and addresses advantages and challenges for coordinating permit offices. Key successful strategies identified include: 1. Flexibility in implementing the approach (i.e. less statutory requirements for the approach); 2. Less dependence on a final environmental review for information sharing and permit coordination; 3. State and federal partnerships developed through memorandum of understanding to define roles and share data and/or developer information. A few of the most helpful techniques include: 1. A central point of contact for the developer to ask questions surrounding the project; 2. Pre-application meetings to assist the developer in identifying all of the permits, regulatory approvals, and associated information or data required; 3. A permit schedule or timeline to set expectations for the developer and agencies; 4. Consolidating the public notice, comment, and hearing period into fewer hearings held concurrently

THE EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRATE, CAFFEINE, AND CARBOHYDRATE + CAFFEINE MOUTH RINSING ON INTERMITTENT RUNNING PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGIATE MALE LACROSSE ATHLETES

Kyle Witherbee1, Patrick Dolan2, Kimi Peterson1 and Chad Kerksick1 1Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO; 2Manhattan College, Bronx, New York Independently, carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing can improve varying types of performance, but studies have yet to examine their combination. PURPOSE: This study investigated the independent and synergistic ability of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing to improve intermittent running performance. METHODS: The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test-Level1 (Yo-Yo IRT-1) was completed in ten collegiate (NCAA Division II) male lacrosse players after a 10-second mouth rinse with a solution, randomly assigned, of either 6% carbohydrate (CHO), 1.2% caffeine (Caff), 6% carbohydrate + 1.2% caffeine (CHO+Caff), placebo (H2O) or a no rinse control (CON). On testing days, participants reported to facility. after an overnight fast, in groups of three or four and were lead through a standard warm-up then given their experimental solution immediately followed by their Yo-Yo IRT-1. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was collected by the Borg Scale at the start of each stage, marked by the audio cues. The total distance ran during the test before termination was the main variable. Participants completed all conditions separated by one week of recovery. A One-way ANOVA was used to determine the impact of the mouth rinses with a p-value of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: No significant improvements in Yo-Yo IRT-1 performance were found between solutions (p \u3e 0.05). Significantly lower RPE (p \u3c 0.05) was reported at the conclusion of stage 11 in the CHO and CHO+Caff when compared to CON. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to determine if mouth rinsing with carbohydrate, caffeine, or their combination can impact field-based running performance

EFFECT OF AMMONIA INHALANTS ON WINGATE PERFORMANCE

Kyle Witherbee, Joseph Sherman, Anthony Ramos, Scott Richmond; Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of ammonia inhalants on Wingate performance. The hypothesis was that ammonia inhalants would increase the performance of short-term anaerobic exercise (Wingate). METHODS: Three male participants were recruited from the University and surrounding areas. Participants had previous resistance training experience characterized by the ability to perform a bench press with 1 times their body weight and squat 1.5 times their body weight. Each participant completed an approved informed consent document before testing. The test involved performing a Wingate anaerobic test (with 7.5% body weight) on a cycle ergometer after inhaling one of three substances. Participants completed a 5 minute warm-up then immediately before beginning the test the participant would inhale one of three, randomly chosen substances for two seconds (Ammonia inhalant, Control 1 (Vicks Vapor Rub), Control 2). After 48 hours rest the participants returned and would perform the same procedure except inhaling one of the other two substances. After another 48 hour period the participant would return to perform the final procedure. RESULTS: A One-way ANOVA showed there were no significant differences in Peak Power (p=.941), Peak power per kg (p=.895), Mean power (p=.916), Mean power per kg, (p=.836), Power drop (p=.825) or Power drop per kg (p=.753). CONCLUSION: Based on these preliminary findings, ammonia inhalants do not effect anaerobic exercise performance. These results are consistent with other performance effects currently in the literature. As this project continues and a larger sample size is tested more conclusive findings may become evident

THE EFFECT OF ACUTE SUPPLEMENTATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE AND CAFFEINE ON ANAEROBIC RUNNING PERFORMANCE

Kyle WitherbeeƗ1, Brad GieskeƗ1, Mary Altepete1Ɨ1, Scott Richmondǂ1, & Chad Kerksickǂ1, FACSM, 1Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, Missouri Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and caffeine are two sport supplements that have been widely explored for their possible ergogenic effects during exercise. Few studies have looked at sodium bicarbonate and caffeine supplementation together and no studies have included a running test. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sodium bicarbonate and caffeine, both independent and synergistically, on a field-based intermittent sprint test. METHODS: Three men and ten women, of recreational fitness level, completed this research study. All participants were administered a medical history checklist, informed consent, and scored above the 70th percentile, according to ACSM guidelines, for gender and age-matched VO2max norms. On four separate visits, participants consumed a masked supplement solution in randomized order consisting of either 300mg/kg NaHCO3, 5mg/kg caffeine, 300mg/kg NaHCO3 + 5mg/kg caffeine, or placebo (NaCl added to mimic taste) and then performed a 150-yard shuttle test 1-hr post-ingestion. The test consisted of participants running to markers spaced every five yards, from 0 to 25, in ascending order and returning to the start line each time. This sequence is done for 30 seconds, followed by 30 seconds of rest for six bouts. Distance covered was recorded from the last 5-yard marker crossed in 30 seconds. Variables of RPE, blood lactate, and heart rate were measured after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th run. RESULTS: A one-way ANOVA showed no differences in total distance, RPE, or heart rate (p\u3e.05) between all groups. Blood lactate showed an improvement with NaHCO3 supplement compared to the placebo condition after the second and final running bouts (p=.002, p=.020 respectively). A difference was also present in blood lactate with NaHCO3 + caffeine versus the placebo condition after the second running bout (p=.018). CONCLUSION: Based on the preliminary findings of this study, ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate with caffeine had no effect on athletic performance measured by an anaerobic running test

Potentially Zoonotic Enteric Infections in Gorillas and Chimpanzees, Cameroon and Tanzania

Despite zoonotic potential, data are lacking on enteric infection diversity in wild apes. We employed a novel molecular diagnostic platform to detect enteric infections in wild chimpanzees and gorillas. Prevalent Cryptosporidium parvum, adenovirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli across divergent sites and species demonstrates potential widespread circulation among apes in Africa