Pengaruh Irama Sirkadian Terhadap Jumlah Osteoklas Tulang Alveolar Marmut (Cavia Cobaya)

Background: Light is one of the external stimuli that played an important role in mammal’s circadian rhythm. The light-dark cycle in the environment could affect the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. Moreover, change of melatonin secretion could affect the bone resorption which is rolled by the numbers of osteoclast . Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the effect of circadian rhythm towards the number of osteoclast on marmots’ alveolar bone. Methods: 24 marmots (Cavia cobaya) were divided into three groups. Group I (n=8) were exposed to constant light continuously; Group II or control group (n=8) were exposed to 12 hours light alternate with 12 hours dark environment and the third group, Group III (n=8) were placed in constant continuous darkness. Tooth separators were inserted in the marmots’ upper teeth for 7 days. At the end of 21 days, the marmots were sacrificed and the maxillary alveolar bones were extracted for the microscopic examination using 400 x magnifications to look for the presence of osteoclast number. Results: There was osteoclast formation in one marmot in Group I (constant continuous light) but not in the other groups. Conclusion: The presence of light in the circadian rhythm does not influence the osteoclast formation in the marmots’ alveolar bone

Kadar human beta defensin 2 ( HBD-2) pada kelompok karies dan bebas karies

Background: Defensins are antimicrobial peptide which classified into two subfamilies, the α-, and β- defensins. Human β defensins 1 (HBD-1), β defensins 2 (HBD-2), β defensins 3 (HBD-3), β defensins (HBD4) and α defensins 1-4 (HNP1-4) have an important role in caries. In the oral cavity, HBD-2 are present in saliva and have antimicrobial activities against oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, a primary etiologic agent of dental caries. This study aimed to determine levels of β defensins 2 (HBD-2) in saliva samples of caries and free caries. Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 50 students of elementary school were divided into two group: the caries-free group and caries group. The salivary levels of β defensins 2 (HBD-2) in subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results:The average salivary levels of HBD-2 were 266,15 ng/L for the caries-free group and 483,63 ng/L for the caries group respectively. There were significantly difference in the HBD-2 level between patients with caries and patients with free caries (p < 0.05). Conclusion:We conclude that high salivary levels of HBD-2 may represent a biological response of oral tissue to caries. HBD2 can be developed as biomarker to indicate caries and a new tool for caries risk assessment

Effect of electrolyzed reduced water on Wistar rats with chronic periodontitis on malondialdehyde levels

Background: Periodontal disease is a progressive destructive change that causes loss of bone and periodontal ligaments around the teeth that can eventually lead to its loss. The main bacteria in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen associated with aggressive periodontitis, initiates a proinflammatory response that causes tissue destruction of periodontal, alveolar bone resorption and subsequent tooth loss. Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) is an alkaline water, ERW not only has a high pH and low oxidation reduction potential (ORP), but also contains several magnesium ions. Magnesium ions proven effective for the prevention of various diseases. Purpose: To analyze the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Wistar rats with cases of chronic and aggressive periodontitis that consumed ERW. Method: Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each group with 10 rats. The first and second group were Wistar rat with chronic periodontitis and consume drinking water and ERW. The third and fourth group were Wistar rat with aggressive periodontitis and consume drinking water and ERW. This experiment is done by calculating the levels of MDA. The calculation of the levels of MDA is done with spectrophotometric assay for MDA. Result: The results of this experiment show that the level of MDA in serum in group that consume ERW had decreased significantly different with thegroup that consume drinking water with the statistical test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ERW can decrease the MDA level in Wistar rat with chronic and aggressive periodontitis case

The ability of A.actinomycetemcomitans adhesin protein in activating acute and chronic inflammatory cells on aggressive periodontitis

Background: Adhesion of bacteria in eukaryotes or tissue surface requires two (2) factors, namely receptor and adhesin. Adhesin is the first bacterial molecule that contacts and invades the host. Bacterial adhesin depends on ligand interaction as the signaling mediator which influences the invasion and improvement of pro and anti inflammation due to the influence from the innate immune response receptor.On A.actinomycetemcomitans, some adhesins plays in the adhesion of bacteria on the epithelial cells with multifactorial nature. Purpose: This research aims to prove that A.actinomycetemcomitans adhesion proteins that have been obtained from the previous research can influence the amount of acute and chronic inflammatory cells in experimental animals (Wistar rat). Methods: Samples are divided into four groups of rat, each consisting of ten rats; the control group is induced withNaCl 0,9%, group 2,3 and 4 is the groups that are induced consecutively by adhesion protein, adhesion protein + A.actinomycetemcomitans and whole cellA.actinomycetemcomitanswhich are induced in gingival sulcus in experimental animals for seven (7) days. The counting of the number of acute and chronic inflammatory cells are performed by staining of Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Result:This study shows an increase in the number of PMN and macrophages in the four treatment groups given to the experimental animals. Conclusion:This phenomenon shows that there is an antigen and immunogenic epitope of A.actinomycetemcomitansthat play a role in this condition

EFEK ANTIFERTILITAS DAUN MANGGIS ( GARCINIA MANGOSTANA LINN) PADA MUS MUSCULUS BETINA

Ek s trak dal.ln Manggis (Garc inia MangoE,tana Lj.nn mengandung zat aktif Mangostin dan glikosida triterpen

POTENSI EFEK ANALGESIK DAN INFLAMANSI DARI EKSTRAK TAPAK LIMAN (Elephantopus scraber) SECARA IN VIVO

The analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of tapak liman extract were investigated. Tapak liman extract was evaluated for antiinflammatory effect by carrageen-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by hot plate method in albino mice. The tapak liman extract in doses of 100; 200 and 400 mg/kg showed and % inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hours. In the hot plate model, tapak liman extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg not significantly inhibited the pain threshold after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of administration. These results suggest that tapak liman has antiinflammatory but not analgesic properties may be attributed to inhibition of prostaglandin release

EFEK ANTIFERTILITAS DAUN MANGGIS ( GARCINIA MANGOSTANA LINN) PADA MUS MUSCULUS BETINA

Ekstrak daun manggis (Garcinia Magostana Linn) mengandung zat aktif Magostin dan glikosida triterpena. Magostin dapat mendepresikan susunan saraf pusat sehingga menyebabkan gangguan pada hipotalamus hipofisa. sedangkan glikosida triterpene mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk kompleks dengan kolesterol yang mengakibatkan perubahan permiabilitas sel. Dengan adanya zat aktif tersebut, apakah ekstrak daun manggis (Garcinia Magostana Linn) mempunyai efek antifertilisasi pada mencit betina. Untuk menentukan efek antifertilitas yang terjadi digunakan parameter yaitu terjadinya perubahan siklus birahi, jumlah mencit yang menjadi bunting setelah mengalami kopulasi, jumlah anak yang dikandung dalam satu periode kebuntingan, serta jumlah korpus luteum yang terbentuk pada ovarium