Expression of transporter-associated genes found in corneal endothelium, cultured corneal endothelial cells and corneal stroma.

<p>Transporters expressed in CECs that are at least 2 times higher in young CEC-DM than in stroma, and less than 2 fold difference in expression between young and old CEC-DM. Genes are ranked in descending order of RPM values of young CEC-DM. RPM values are rounded off to the nearest integer, and fold change values are rounded off to the nearest decimal place.</p

The human corneal tissue, the isolated endothelium and the cultured corneal endothelial cells.

<p>A. Corneal stroma with an intact Descemet’s membrane (DM), arrowed (left) and a corneal stromal without the DM layer (right). B. Peeled CEC-DM complex in a typical DM-roll, with the endothelium on the outside. C. Confluent culture of human CECs at the second passage. Scale bars: 100 µm.</p

Expression of SMADs in corneal endothelium, cultured corneal endothelial cells and corneal stroma.

<p>Genes are ranked in descending order of RPM values of young CEC-DM. RPM values are rounded off to the nearest integer.</p

Genes not expressed in the corneal stroma.

<p>Gene list is filtered for RPM>10 for CEC Young, CEC Old and CEC Culture, and RPM<1 for corneal stroma. Genes are ranked in descending order of RPM values of CEC Young. All values are rounded off to 2 decimal places.</p

Pathway analysis of transcription factors via DAVID Functional Annotation.

<p>Transcription factors expressed in young CEC-DM, old CEC-DM and CEC culture (RPM>10) that are more than two-fold higher in young CEC-DM versus stroma, were analyzed in DAVID. Pathways that are over represented are ranked in descending order of percentage of genes representing this category.</p

Donor information.

<p>A total of 27 donor corneas consisting of 13 single donor corneas and 7 paired donor corneas were used in this study. Donor age ranged from 19–76.</p><p>A: pooled CEC-DM from five young donors;</p><p>B: pooled CEC-DM from five old donors;</p><p>C: Isolated for cell culture;</p><p>D: young CEC-DME control;</p><p>E: old CEC-DME control.</p><p>OS: oculus sinister.</p><p>OD: oculus dexter.</p

QPCR validation of gene expression in CEC-DM andcorneal stroma (keratocytes) from 3 individual donors, corneal stromal fibroblast cultures from 2 individual donors and CEC culture.

<p>CEC: CEC-DM; stroma: corneal stroma (keratocytes); SF: stromal fibroblast. Student’s t-tests (two-tailed assuming non-equal variance): One asterisk indicates p<0.05; two asterisks indicate p<0.01.</p

High-throughput QPCR analysis of genes lowly or not expressed in corneal stroma.

<p>BM: bone marrow; IVS: interventricular septum; SG: salivary gland; SM: skeletal muscle; SI: small intestine; SC: spinal cord; U/C: uterus/cervix; FB: fetal brain; FL: fetal liver; SF: stromal fibroblast; CC: CEC culture; CEC-DM-y: CEC-DM young; CEC-DM-o: CEC-DM-old.</p

Gene expression of transcription factors found in corneal endothelium, cultured corneal endothelial cells and corneal stroma.

<p>Transcription factors expressed in CECs that are at least 2 times higher in young CEC-DM than in stroma, and less than 2 fold difference in expression between young and old CECs. Genes are ranked in descending order of RPM values of young CEC-DM. RPM values are rounded off to the nearest integer, and fold change values are rounded off to the nearest decimal place.</p

List of top 50 highly expressed genes found in human corneal endothelium that are 2-fold higher in CECs than in stroma, and less than 2-fold difference between young and old corneal endothelium.

<p>Genes are ranked in descending order of RPM values of young CEC-DM. RPM values are rounded off to the nearest integer, and fold change values are rounded off to the nearest decimal place.</p