36 research outputs found
WBCAtt: A White Blood Cell Dataset Annotated with Detailed Morphological Attributes
The examination of blood samples at a microscopic level plays a fundamental
role in clinical diagnostics, influencing a wide range of medical conditions.
For instance, an in-depth study of White Blood Cells (WBCs), a crucial
component of our blood, is essential for diagnosing blood-related diseases such
as leukemia and anemia. While multiple datasets containing WBC images have been
proposed, they mostly focus on cell categorization, often lacking the necessary
morphological details to explain such categorizations, despite the importance
of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in medical domains. This paper
seeks to address this limitation by introducing comprehensive annotations for
WBC images. Through collaboration with pathologists, a thorough literature
review, and manual inspection of microscopic images, we have identified 11
morphological attributes associated with the cell and its components (nucleus,
cytoplasm, and granules). We then annotated ten thousand WBC images with these
attributes. Moreover, we conduct experiments to predict these attributes from
images, providing insights beyond basic WBC classification. As the first public
dataset to offer such extensive annotations, we also illustrate specific
applications that can benefit from our attribute annotations. Overall, our
dataset paves the way for interpreting WBC recognition models, further
advancing XAI in the fields of pathology and hematology
Rethinking Feature Extraction: Gradient-based Localized Feature Extraction for End-to-End Surgical Downstream Tasks
Several approaches have been introduced to understand surgical scenes through downstream tasks like captioning and surgical scene graph generation. However, most of them heavily rely on an independent object detector and region-based feature extractor. Encompassing computationally expensive detection and feature extraction models, these multi-stage methods suffer from slow inference speed, making them less suitable for real-time surgical applications. The performance of the downstream tasks also degrades from inheriting errors of the earlier modules of the pipeline. This work develops a detector-free gradient-based localized feature extraction approach that enables end-to-end model training for downstream surgical tasks such as report generation and tool-tissue interaction graph prediction. We eliminate the need for object detection or region proposal and feature extraction networks by extracting the features of interest from the discriminative regions in the feature map of the classification models. Here, the discriminative regions are localized using gradient-based localization techniques (e.g. Grad-CAM). We show that our proposed approaches enable the real-time deployment of end-to-end models for surgical downstream tasks. We extensively validate our approach on two surgical tasks: captioning and scene graph generation. The results prove that our gradient-based localized feature extraction methods effectively substitute the detector and feature extractor networks, allowing end-to-end model development with faster inference speed, essential for real-time surgical scene understanding tasks. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/PangWinnie0219/GradCAMDownstreamTask
Stimulation of Collagen Formation in the Intestinal Anastomosis by Low Dose He-Ne Laser
The effect of low dose He-Ne laser on the healing of intestinal anastomosis was studied in the albino rat. A small piece of jejunum was removed from each rat and the ends sutured back with a simple interrupted pattern. In the experimental animal, the anastomosis was Irradiated through an optic fiber with a He-Ne laser (1 mW) for 15 minutes whereas in the control animal, the anastomosis was not irradiated. The differences between the two groups were compared by histology, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and autoradiography 3 and 7 days after operation. The laser treated experimental animals demonstrated thicker collagen fibers and an increased quantity of collagen at the junction of the anastomosis compared to control animals. Increased uptake of labelled proline was also evident in the laser treated animals. These observations all point to a possible enhancement of collagen synthesis triggered by laser irradiation
Multi-Loop Integral Control-Based Heart Rate Regulation for Fast Tracking and Faulty-Tolerant Control Performance in Treadmill Exercises
In order to offer a reliable, fast, and offset-free tracking performance for the regulation of heart rate (HR) during treadmill exercise, a two-input single-output (2ISO) control system by simultaneously manipulating both treadmill speed and gradient is proposed. The decentralized integral controllability (DIC) analysis is extended to nonlinear and non-square processes especially for a 2ISO process, namely multi-loop integral controllability (MIC). The proposed multi-loop integral control-based HR regulation by manipulating treadmill speed and gradient is then validated through a comparative treadmill experiment that compares the system performance of the proposed 2ISO MIC control loop with that of single-input single-output (SISO) loops, speed/gradient-to-HR. The experimental validation presents that by simultaneously using two control inputs, the automated system can achieve the fastest HR tracking performance and stay close to the reference HR during steady state, while comparing with two SISO structures, and offer the fault-tolerant ability if the gains of the two multi-loop integral controllers are well tuned. It has a vital implication for the applications of exercise rehabilitation and fitness in relation to the automated control system
Host country location advantages and inward Japanese foreign direct investments in East Asia.
This study seeks to better understanding the major host country factors influencing the inward Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) in the nine East Asian economies of China, Hong Kong, Indonesian Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand.Master of Busines
Students' perceived satisfaction level of the Nanyang Technological University library.
The objective of this Applied Research Project is to investigate studentsā perceived satisfaction of the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Library. To do that, we examined two important areas of the Library. These are current services and printed materials that are provided by the Library
Reflecting on pain management for patients with osteoarthritis and other rheumatic disorders: thereāsĀ more to pain management than managing pain
Medical progress is measured by advances in science and technology. The pace of discovery will surely accelerate. We are increasingly challenged not only to assimilate new information, but also to reconcile our learning with our art. We present the common clinical problem of managing pain in osteoarthritis as a paradigm for this dilemma in contemporary patient care. We do not yet have the understanding and interventions to do this optimally for all with osteoarthritis, leaving us with uncertainties as we struggle to care for these patients. In a world of growing complexity and sophistication we must not overlook the person who is our patient. It is easy to be seduced by electronic and informational advances, to be entranced by machinery, and to forget the unique individuality and needs of each patient. Osler taught that āthe practice of medicine is an art, based on scienceā. This doesn't change
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