965 research outputs found
Factors associated with parentsâ and adolescentsâ perceptions of oral health and need for dental treatment
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72207/1/j.1600-0528.2006.00336.x.pd
Misaligned spin and orbital axes cause the anomalous precession of DI Herculis
The orbits of binary stars precess as a result of general relativistic
effects, forces arising from the asphericity of the stars, and forces from
additional stars or planets in the system. For most binaries, the theoretical
and observed precession rates are in agreement. One system, however -- DI
Herculis -- has resisted explanation for 30 years. The observed precession rate
is a factor of four slower than the theoretical rate, a disagreement that once
was interpreted as evidence for a failure of general relativity. Among the
contemporary explanations are the existence of a circumbinary planet and a
large tilt of the stellar spin axes with respect to the orbit. Here we report
that both stars of DI Herculis rotate with their spin axes nearly perpendicular
to the orbital axis (contrary to the usual assumption for close binary stars).
The rotationally induced stellar oblateness causes precession in the direction
opposite to that of relativistic precession, thereby reconciling the
theoretical and observed rates.Comment: Nature, in press [11 pg
The effect of tobacco and alcohol and their reduction/cessation on mortality in oral cancer patients: short communication
Population-Based Precision Cancer Screening: A Symposium on Evidence, Epidemiology, and Next Steps
Precision medicine, an emerging approach for disease treatment that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle, is under consideration for preventive interventions, including cancer screening. On September 29, 2015, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a symposium entitled âPrecision Cancer Screening in the General Population: Evidence, Epidemiology, and Next Stepsâ. The goal was two-fold: to share current information on the evidence, practices, and challenges surrounding precision screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers, and to allow for in-depth discussion among experts in relevant fields regarding how epidemiology and other population sciences can be used to generate evidence to inform precision screening strategies. Attendees concluded that the strength of evidence for efficacy and effectiveness of precision strategies varies by cancer site, that no one research strategy or methodology would be able or appropriate to address the many knowledge gaps in precision screening, and that issues surrounding implementation must be researched as well. Additional discussion needs to occur to identify the high priority research areas in precision cancer screening for pertinent organs and to gather the necessary evidence to determine whether further implementation of precision cancer screening strategies in the general population would be feasible and beneficial
Strengthening the reporting of genetic risk prediction studies (GRIPS): explanation and elaboration
Transit Photometry as an Exoplanet Discovery Method
Photometry with the transit method has arguably been the most successful
exoplanet discovery method to date. A short overview about the rise of that
method to its present status is given. The method's strength is the rich set of
parameters that can be obtained from transiting planets, in particular in
combination with radial velocity observations; the basic principles of these
parameters are given. The method has however also drawbacks, which are the low
probability that transits appear in randomly oriented planet systems, and the
presence of astrophysical phenomena that may mimic transits and give rise to
false detection positives. In the second part we outline the main factors that
determine the design of transit surveys, such as the size of the survey sample,
the temporal coverage, the detection precision, the sample brightness and the
methods to extract transit events from observed light curves. Lastly, an
overview over past, current and future transit surveys is given. For these
surveys we indicate their basic instrument configuration and their planet
catch, including the ranges of planet sizes and stellar magnitudes that were
encountered. Current and future transit detection experiments concentrate
primarily on bright or special targets, and we expect that the transit method
remains a principal driver of exoplanet science, through new discoveries to be
made and through the development of new generations of instruments.Comment: Review chapte
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