A Study on The Prevalence and Control of Non Communicable Diseases in Subang, West Java

Background: According to Basic Health Research, in 2013 non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with high prevalence were: (1) hypertension (10.5%), (2) stroke (6.6%), (3) asthma (5%), (4) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (4%), (5) diabetes mellitus (1.3%), (6) cancer (1%), (7) coronary heart disease (0.5%). This study aimed to describe the prevalence and control of NCDs in Subang, West Java. Subjects and Method: A survey was carried out in Subang, West Java. A sample of health personnel was selected for this study. The data were collected by in depth-interview. Input data (man, money, material, method, and machine), process data (NCDs management), and outcome data (NCDs prevalence) were obtained from document review. Results: In 2016, prevalence of hypertension was 9.27%, diabetes mellitus 3.81%, obesity 1.19%, COPD 0.50%, stroke 0.07%, breast cancer 0.01%, osteoporosis 0.66%, and asthma 1.76%. As many as 63.1% of all NCDs patients were women, 58% were older than 55 years, 32.6% aged 45 to 54 years, 9.4% aged 18 to 45 years. Conclusion: Most of all NCDs patients in Subang, West Java are women aged ≥18 years. Control program of NCDs showed that human resource input of NCDs is limited, NCDs financial is sufficient, medication for NCDs is sufficient. NCDs guidebook and NCDs technical guidelines are not available at Cipunagara health center. Keywords: non-communicable diseases, prevalence, contro

The Association between Hormonal Injection Contraceptive and Blood Pressure in Women of Reproductive Age at Kembangan Communityhealth Center, Jakarta

Background: The association between hormonal injection contraceptive and hypertension has been long well-established. However, little is known about the relative odds of hypertension in women who used hormonal injection contraceptive in Jakarta. This study aimed to estimate the association between hormonal injection contraceptive and hypertension in women of reproductive age at Kembangan Community Health Center, Jakarta. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectioal study conducted at Kembangan Community Health Center, Jakarta in June 2014. A sample of 161 women of reproductive age was selected for this study by fixed exposure sampling, consisting of 80 women who had used hormonal injection con­tra­ceptive and 81 women who had used non-hormonal contraceptive. The dependent variable was blood pressure. The independent variable was use of hormonal injection contraceptive. The blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The data on the use of hormonal injection contraceptive was taken from the health record at Kembangan Community Health Center. The magnitude of the association between hormonal injection contraceptive and hypertension was measured by OR and tested by Chi-square. Results: The odds of hypertension increased with the use of hormonal injection contraceptive (OR= 7.82; 95% CI= 2.23 to 27.43; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Women who have used hormonal injection contraceptive at Kembangan Community Health Center, Jakarta, have eight times as many odds of hypertension than those who have use non-hormonal injection contraceptive. The health personnel at Community Health Center should be aware and monitor blood pressure of women who use hormonal injection contraceptive regularly in order to early detect hypertension and take the necessary action. Keywords: hormonal injection contraceptive, hypertensio

DETERMINANTS OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER OUTBREAK IN CIPAYUNG, EAST JAKARTA

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease that is caused by dengue virus. To date no specific medicine is available for this disease. Jakarta Province ranks 5th in the incidence of DHF. In 2014, the cumulative incidence (CI) of DHF was 48.7 cases/100,000. In Cipayung sub district (East Jakarta), there were 136 new cases of DHF (CI= 52.1/100.000) in 2015. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of DHF outbreak in Cipayung, East Jakarta. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Cipayung, East Jakarta. A sample of 594 households were selected at random for this study. The dependent variable was DHF. The independent variables were dweller density, water container drainage, container supervision. The data were collected using questionnaire and observation. The data was analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: DHF incidence was affected by container supervision <1 time per week (OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.57 to 3.84; p<0.001), container drainage <4 times/month (OR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.19 to 2.79; p= 0.006), dweller density <4 (OR=0.61; 95% CI= 0.42 to 0.87; p=0.007). Conclusion: DHF incidence is affected by container supervision <1 time per week, container drainage <4 times/month, dweller density <4. Keywords: DHF, container drainage, container supervision, dweller densit