ミャンマーにおけるマメ類遺伝資源の調査と収集 (2002年10月15日～11月15日)

A collaborative mission to explore and collect cultivated and wild legumes in Myanmar was conducted from 15th October to 15th November 2002. During this mission, Yangon Division, Ayeyarwaddy Division, Bago Division, Mandalay Division, Shan State, Kachin State, Sagain Division, Magway Division and Chin State were surveyed. A total of 87 seed samples of legume germplasm were collected, which consist of 11 cultivated species and 9 wild species. For cultivated species, 2 samples of Canavalia gladiata, 6 of Glycine max, 1 of Lablab purpureus, 1 of Macrotyloma uniflorum, 1 of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis , 6 of Phaseolus lunatus, 1 of Phaseolus vulgaris, 3 of Vigna mungo, 8 of Vigna radiata, 4 of Vigna umbellata and 7 of Vigna unguiculata were collected. Among them, V. radiata (mungbean) is the most important and V. mungo is the second most important species in Myanmar. V. unguiculata and V. umbellata are also widely cultivated especially under shifting cultivation (called taunya) in mountainous area. A farmer in Kachin State recognized the weed control effect of Vigna umbellata. Canavalia and Mucuna are rare crops and were found in Chin State. Macrotyloma was used to make fermented paste called Pone Ye Kyi. For wild species, 4 samples of V. hirtella, 1 of V. mungo var. silvestris, 4 of V. radiata var. sublobata, 6 of V. stipulacea, 20 of V. tenuicaulis, 1 of V. trilobata, 1 of V. trinervia, 4 of V. umbellata, 6 of V. angularis var. nipponensis and 1 weedy form of V. angularis were collected. A farmer recognized gene flow from wild mungbean to cultivated mungbean based on the seed color change. A farmer in Shan State told us that he collected and ate wild V. umbellata in the same manner as cultivated V. umbellata (rice bean). In a village in Magway Division, shoots of V. mungo var. silvestris are boiled down and the decoction was treated to the skin of patients who have kidney ailments. For each collected wild legume sample, herbarium specimens were also collected. This exploration revealed that diversity of wild Vigna species in Myanmar is much higher than previously realized