Investigation on predominant Leptospira serovars and its distribution in humans and livestock in Thailand, 2010-2015

Investigation on predominant Leptospira serovars and its distribution in humans and livestock in Thailand, 2010-201

The pattern distribution of serovars for seropositive samples in buffaloes, cattle, pigs, and humans in 5 regions of Thailand.

<p>The highest MAT titer reactive against each serovar of each positive sample is described. Samples are ordered according to seroprevalence: Shermani (SHE), Ranarum (RAN), Sejroe (SEJ), Bratislava (BRA), Tarassovi (TAR), Panama (PAN), Hebdomadis (HEB), Mini (MIN), Sarmin (SAR), Autumnalis (AUT), Louisiana (LOU), Manhao (MAN), Icterohaemorrhagiae (ICT), Pomona (POM), Cynopteri (CYN), Ballum (BAL), Bataviae (BAT), Javanica (JAV), Grippotyphosa (GRI), Pyrogenes (PYR), and Djasiman (DJA).</p

The best univariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Bratislava (BRA), Ranarum (RAN), and Sejroe (SEJ).

<p>The best univariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Bratislava (BRA), Ranarum (RAN), and Sejroe (SEJ).</p

Spearman correlation of the pattern distributions of serovars between buffaloes, cattle, pigs and humans in northern (N), northeastern (NE), central (C), eastern (E), and southern (S) regions.

<p>* represents p-value < 0.05, ** represents p-value < 0.01, *** represents p-value < 0.001, and the white area represents correlation not available.</p

The leptospiral prevalence by species and region.

<p>The leptospiral prevalence by species and region.</p

Regional distributions of most prevalent serovars and serovar associations in buffaloes, cattle, pigs, and humans in 5 regions of Thailand.

<p>By using the highest MAT titer criteria: BRA = Bratislava, HEB = Hebdomadis, PAN = Panama, RAN = Ranarum, SEJ = Sejroe, SHE = Shermani, TAR = Tarassovi, BRA/SHE = Bratislava and Shermani, RAN/SHE = Ranarum and Shermani, SAR/SHE = Sarmin and Shermani, SEJ/SHE = Sejroe and Shermani, SHE/TAR = Shermani and Tarassovi, and RAN/SHE/TAR = Ranarum, Shermani and Tarassovi, and the other group. The sizes of pie charts refer to the size of positive MAT samples. The seroprevalence was calculated relative to the number of samples for each species and in each region.</p

The best multivariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Tarassovi (TAR) and Shermani (SHE), and MAT appearance.

<p>The best multivariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Tarassovi (TAR) and Shermani (SHE), and MAT appearance.</p