Overview of used antibodies.

<p>Overview of used antibodies.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p

Results on infiltrating immune cells and Granzyme inhibitor expression of the individual patients.

<p>Results on infiltrating immune cells and Granzyme inhibitor expression of the individual patients.</p

Immune (evasion) markers in cases of CNS-PNET.

<p>Immunohistochemical staining of immune markers in two CNS-PNET cases. Note that SerpinB9 expression coincides with high numbers of activated GrB ⁺ CTLs in case 1 versus low numbers of activated GrB ⁺ CTLs in case 2. Size bar equals 50μm.</p

Qualitative analyses.

<p>Qualitative analyses.</p

Group demographics.

<p>O: males, X: females.</p

Muscle fiber type measurements for children with and without 22q11DS.

<p>Bands, means. Boxes, 25^th–75^th percentiles. Whiskers, 95% confidence intervals.</p

Histological specimens with ATPase stain at pH 4.3.

<p>A, a 5-year-old female without 22q11DS but with increased perimysial and endomysial space. B, a 10-year-old male with 22q11DS and without increased perimysial and endomysial space. Bars 50 µm.</p

miR-146a expression in GG and FCD type IIb.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Quantitative real-time PCR of miR-146a in control cortex (n = 6; autopsy), FCD type IIb (n = 6) and GG (n = 5) specimens. miR-146a expression was normalized to that of the U6B small nuclear RNA gene (rnu6b). The error bars represent SEM; statistical significance: *P<0.05 compared to control. (<b>B–E</b>) In situ hybridization of miR-146a expression in control (B–C) and FCD type IIb (D–E) specimens. miR-146a was expressed at low levels in neurons and undetectable in glial cells in control grey (B) and white matter (C) specimens. Panels D: FCD type IIb tissue showing miR-146a expression in glial cells (arrows; insert a); inserts (b,c) in D show colocalization (purple) of miR-146a (red) in GFAP (blue) positive astrocytes. Panel E: FCD type IIb tissue showing miR-146a expression in balloon cells (arrows). Scale bar in B: B: 80 µm. C–E: 40 µm.</p

Effect of anti-miR-146a LNA or miR-146a mimic upon IL-1β-induced IL-6 and COX-2 mRNA.

<p>Quantitative real-time PCR of IL-6 (A–B) and Cox-2 (C–D). (<b>A–B</b>) IL-6 mRNA levels, 24 hours after exposure to IL-1β in U373 cells (A) and cultured human astrocytes (B) transfected with LNA-antimiR-146a (50 nM) or miR-146a mimic (pre-mir-146a, 50 nM). (<b>C–D</b>) COX-2 mRNA levels, 24 hours after exposure to IL-1β in U373 cells (C) and cultured human astrocytes (D) transfected with LNA-antimiR-146a (50 nM) or miR-146a mimic (pre-mir-146a, 50 nM). Data are expressed relative to the levels in unstimulated cells and are mean ± SEM from two separate experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05 compared to control; **p<0.05, LNA or mimic transfected cells stimulated with IL-1β compared to IL-1β alone).</p