Les Français et la cigarette en 2005 : un divorce pas encore consommé

Les données de l'enquête permettent d'apprécier le niveau actuel du tabagisme en France, ainsi que son évolution depuis 2000 mais aussi depuis une trentaine d'années, en examinant séparément les hommes et les femmes ainsi que les différentes tranches d'âge

Tobacco smoking surveillance: is quota sampling an efficient tool for monitoring national trends? A comparison with a random cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES:It is crucial for policy makers to monitor the evolution of tobacco smoking prevalence. In France, this monitoring is based on a series of cross-sectional general population surveys, the Health Barometers, conducted every five years and based on random samples. A methodological study has been carried out to assess the reliability of a monitoring system based on regular quota sampling surveys for smoking prevalence. DESIGN / OUTCOME MEASURES:In 2010, current and daily tobacco smoking prevalences obtained in a quota survey on 8,018 people were compared with those of the 2010 Health Barometer carried out on 27,653 people. Prevalences were assessed separately according to the telephone equipment of the interviewee (landline phone owner vs "mobile-only"), and logistic regressions were conducted in the pooled database to assess the impact of the telephone equipment and of the survey mode on the prevalences found. Finally, logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics were conducted in the random sample in order to determine the impact of the needed number of calls to interwiew "hard-to-reach" people on the prevalence found. RESULTS:Current and daily prevalences were higher in the random sample (respectively 33.9% and 27.5% in 15-75 years-old) than in the quota sample (respectively 30.2% and 25.3%). In both surveys, current and daily prevalences were lower among landline phone owners (respectively 31.8% and 25.5% in the random sample and 28.9% and 24.0% in the quota survey). The required number of calls was slightly related to the smoking status after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSION:Random sampling appears to be more effective than quota sampling, mainly by making it possible to interview hard-to-reach populations

Prevalence of current and daily smoking in both surveys according to telephone equipment in 15–75 years-old.

<p>Note: 1 Comparison between the whole sample of HB and the whole sample of the quota survey</p><p>2 Comparison between landline phone owners of HB and landline phone owners of the quota survey</p><p>3 Comparison between listed numbers of HB and landline phone owners of the quota survey</p><p>Pearson’s chi-square test: *** p<0.001; ** p<0.01; * p<0.05; ns: not significant</p><p>Weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals.</p

Socioeconomic characteristics of the 15-75 years-old interviewed in the quota survey and in the Health Barometer (HB), in the whole, among landline phone owners and among listed respondents in the Health Barometer.

<p>Crude and weighted percentages.</p

Weighted percentages, adjusted odds-ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from logistic regressions on current and daily smoking among the whole of respondents (N=33,527).

<p>Pearson’s chi-square test for percentages, Wald test for odds-ratios : *** p<0.001 ; ** p<0.01 ; * p<0.05</p

Weighted percentages, adjusted odds-ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from logistic regressions on current and daily smoking among the Health Barometer landline phone owners (N=21,884).

<p>Pearson’s chi-square test for percentages, Wald test for odds-ratios : *** p<0.001 ; ** p<0.01 ; * p<0.05</p

Socioeconomic characteristics of the 15-75 years-old interviewed in the Health Barometer according to the number of calls before the interview.

<p>Weighted percentages</p

Evaluating the Effectiveness of France's Indoor Smoke-Free Law 1 Year and 5 Years after Implementation: Findings from the ITC France Survey

France implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law in two phases: Phase 1 (February 2007) banned smoking in workplaces, shopping centres, airports, train stations, hospitals, and schools; Phase 2 (January 2008) banned smoking in hospitality venues (bars, restaurants, hotels, casinos, nightclubs). This paper evaluates France’s smoke-free law based on the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project in France (the ITC France Project), which conducted a cohort survey of approximately 1,500 smokers and 500 non-smokers before the implementation of the laws (Wave 1) and two waves after the implementation (Waves 2 and 3). Results show that the smoke-free law led to a very significant and near-total elimination of observed smoking in key venues such as bars (from 94–97% to 4%) and restaurants (from 60–71% to 2–3%) at Wave 2, which was sustained four years later (6–8% in bars; 1–2% in restaurants). The reduction in self-reported smoking by smoking respondents was nearly identical to the effects shown in observed smoking. Observed smoking in workplaces declined significantly after the law (from 41–48% to 18–20%), which continued to decline at Wave 3 (to 14–15%). Support for the smoke-free laws increased significantly after their implementation and continued to increase at Wave 3 (p<.001 among smokers for bars and restaurants; p<.001 among smokers and p = .003 for non-smokers for workplaces). The findings demonstrate that smoke-free policies that are implemented in ways consistent with the Guidelines for Article 8 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) lead to substantial and sustained reductions in indoor smoking while also leading to high levels of support by the public. Moreover, contrary to arguments by opponents of smoke-free laws, smoking in the home did not increase after the law was implemented and prevalence of smoke-free homes among smokers increased from 23.2% before the law to 37.2% 5 years after the law

Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings:findings from four countries

Background: The European Commission requires tobacco products sold in the European Union to display standardized text health warnings. This article examines the effectiveness of the text health warnings among daily cigarette smokers in four Member States. Methods: Data were drawn from nationally representative samples of smokers from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys in France (2007), Germany (2007), the Netherlands (2008) and the UK (2006). We examined: (i) smokers’ ratings of the health warnings on warning salience, thoughts of harm and quitting and forgoing of cigarettes; (ii) impact of the warnings using a Labels Impact Index (LII), with higher scores signifying greater impact; and (iii) differences on the LII by demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. Results: Scores on the LII differed significantly across countries. Scores were highest in France, lower in the UK, and lowest in Germany and the Netherlands. Across all countries, scores were significantly higher among low-income smokers, smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past year and smokers who smoked fewer cigarettes per day. Conclusion: The impact of the health warnings varies greatly across countries. Impact tended to be highest in countries with more comprehensive tobacco control programmes. Because the impact of the warnings was highest among smokers with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), this research suggests that health warnings could be more effective among smokers from lower SES groups. Differences in warning label impact by SES should be further investigated

Support for smoking bans in bars, pubs, and cafés.

<p>Percentage of smokers and non-smokers who support or strongly support smoking bans in bars, pubs, and cafés, by wave.</p