Table Driven Hybrid Energy-aware and SLA-based Routing Mechanism over Optical Networks

AbstractThis paper introduces an improvement for Hybrid Energy Aware and SLA Based (EASB) routing mechanism enabled for GMPLS networks. The performance of EASB is enhanced significantly by consulting a routing table populated in advance, instead of route calculation for each connection request. The table is “looked up” to determine the route that has the minimum hybrid cost for the given source-destination pair of the connection request. As a result a node with lower compute capability can be used to server the equal amount of connection requests while maintaining emission and resource efficiency

Adaptive Green Routing Mechanism over Optical Networks

AbstractThis paper is an extension to the previous work that introduced the hybrid energy-aware and service level agreement (SLA) based routing mechanism over optical networks. This paper introduces an adaptive SLA-based routing approach to lower the Co2 emission rate while it provides the most available routes between any pair of source and destination. The paper benefits from the hybrid path cost function presented in the previous work in which Co2 emission rate, path length, and path availability are taken into account as the route selection process criteria. The mechanism proposed in this paper re-routes established optical paths using an adaptive green routing algorithm after the nodes in the network are informed of any changes on the emission factors of the links. As a result of employing the new energy-aware routing algorithm together with the novel path cost function, paths with the minimum Co2 emission and less assigned network resources will be selected. The algorithm presented in this paper keeps Co2 emission at the lowest level with maintaining an adaptive re-routing mechanism over the duration of connections while service level agreement requirements are still met

Moderating effects of self-perceived knowledge in a relevance assessment task : an EEG study

Relevance assessment, a crucial Human-computer Information Retrieval (HCIR) aspect, denotes how well retrieved information meets the user’s information need (IN). Recently, user-centred research benefited from the employment of brain imaging, which contributed to our understanding of relevance assessment and associated cognitive processes. However, the effect of contextual aspects, such as the searcher’s self-perceived knowledge (SPK) on relevance assessment and its underlying neurocognitive processes, has not been studied. This work investigates the impact of users’ SPK about a topic (i.e. ‘knowledgeable’ vs. ‘not knowledgeable’) on relevance assessments (i.e. ‘relevant’ vs. ‘non-relevant’). To do so, using electroencephalography (EEG), we measured the neural activity of twenty-five participants while they provided relevance assessments during the Question and Answering (Q/A) Task. In the analysis, we considered the effects of SPK and specifically how it modulates the brain activity underpinning relevance judgements. Data-driven analysis revealed significant event-related potential differences (P300/CPP, N400, LPC), which were modulated by searchers’ SPK in the context of relevance assessment. We speculate that SPK affects distinct cognitive processes associated with attention, semantic integration and categorisation, memory, and decision formation that underpin relevance assessment formation. Our findings are an important step toward a better understanding of the role users’ SPK plays during relevance assessment

EntreComp Playbook.: Entrepreneurial learning beyond the classroom

This playbook targets primarily learning facilitators who operate outside the formal education system. It aims to help them design and facilitate entrepreneurial learning activities in meaningful ways. The playbook can be applied in many setting: developing entrepreneurial competences in adults to increase their employability, up-skilli to face the changing needs of the labour market, career progression, support actors of change, as well as business start-ups within or outside existing ventures. The playbook can be used by the private, the public and the third sector alike. No two entrepreneurial learning activities will be alike, nor can an algorithm be scripted to produce the perfect intervention. Even when a format is defined, each learning group, each context bears its own circumstances and a facilitator will have to adapt and make the most of such circumstances. This playbook therefore is not a process guide: it rather provides readers with a selection of orientation tools for them to experiment and create their own map to entrepreneurial teaching and learning. The playbook sets out nine principles that any entrepreneurial learning facilitator should consider when designing entrepreneurial teaching and learning. It also describes three popular entrepreneurial methods and three pedagogical methods that can be adapted to foster entrepreneurial learning. The entrepreneurial methods give explicit guidance to practitioners to create value for others. They establish a logic that structures thought and action, by prescribing steps and offering tools to be used at each stage of the entrepreneurial process. The methods are based in both research and theory as well as in the practices of real-life entrepreneurs. The pedagogical methods, alike, aim to guide teachers and trainers cultivate EntreComp competences including perseverance, resilience, self-efficacy, creativity, teamwork and sensitivity to ethical and sustainability consequences of actions. They all aim at fostering learning through experiences, offering learners something to act upon, such as a problem or a challenge, they rely on questioning and inquiry and promote a growth mind-set. The list of methods is not exhaustive or comprehensive, but offers the readers a range of alternative approaches to explore, combine and experiment. Each of the methods can be adapted with the nine principles to help structure practical value creation experiences for learners to become more entrepreneurial. The final section of this playbook lists techinques, templates and tools to help learning facilitators design “situated” learning activities to help learners to become more entrepreneurial. The playbook is intended as learning exercise itself for those that have little or no experience in designing practical entrepreneurial experience. The playbook is built on the experiments, resilience, perseverance and lessons learned by users of EntreComp.JRC.B.4-Human Capital and Employmen

Mechanical and Transport Properties of the Poly(ethylene oxide)−Poly(acrylic acid) Double Network Hydrogel from Molecular Dynamic Simulations

We used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the mechanical and transport properties of the PEO−PAA double network (DN) hydrogel with 76 wt % water content. By analyzing the pair correlation functions for polymer−water pairs and for ion−water pairs and the solvent accessible surface area, we found that the solvation of polymer and ion in the DN hydrogel is enhanced in comparison with both PEO and PAA single network (SN) hydrogels. The effective mesh size of this DN hydrogel is smaller than that of the SN hydrogels with the same water content and the same molecular weight between the cross-linking points (M_c). Applying uniaxial extensions, we obtained the stress−strain curves for the hydrogels. This shows that the DN hydrogel has a sudden increase of stress above ∼100% strain, much higher than the sum of the stresses of the two SN hydrogels at the same strain. This arises because PEO has a smaller M_c value than PAA, so that the PEO in the DN reaches fully stretched out at 100% strain that corresponds to 260% strain in the PEO SN (beyond this point, the bond stretching and the angle bending increase dramatically). We also calculated the diffusion coefficients of solutes such as d-glucose and ascorbic acid in the hydrogels, where we find that the diffusion coefficients of those solutes in the DN hydrogel are 60% of that in the PEO SN and 40% of that in the PAA SN due to its smaller effective mesh size

Immune cell proportions correlate with clinicogenomic features and ex vivo drug responses in acute myeloid leukemia

IntroductionThe implementation of small-molecule and immunotherapies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been challenging due to genetic and epigenetic variability amongst patients. There are many potential mechanisms by which immune cells could influence small-molecule or immunotherapy responses, yet, this area remains understudied.MethodsHere we performed cell type enrichment analysis from over 560 AML patient bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from the Beat AML dataset to describe the functional immune landscape of AML.ResultsWe identify multiple cell types that significantly correlate with AML clinical and genetic features, and we also observe significant correlations of immune cell proportions with ex vivo small-molecule and immunotherapy responses. Additionally, we generated a signature of terminally exhausted T cells (Tex) and identified AML with high monocytic proportions as strongly correlating with increased proportions of these immunosuppressive T cells.DiscussionOur work, which is accessible through a new “Cell Type” module in our visualization platform (Vizome; http://vizome.org/), can be leveraged to investigate potential contributions of different immune cells on many facets of the biology of AML

Laser induced phased arrays for remote ultrasonic imaging of additive manufactured components

Laser Induced Phased Arrays (LIPAs) use laser ultrasonics to generate and detect ultrasound, synthesising an ultrasonic phased array in post processing. Full Matrix Capture (FMC) is done by scanning the laser generation and detection beams at every possible combination with respect to position. The acquired data are used to synthesise a focus at every point in the section imaged, using the Total Focusing Method (TFM). The result is greatly improved imaging quality compared to conventional laser ultrasonic imaging. As the technique is remote and couplant free it lends itself well to extreme environments, such as the Additive Manufacturing (AM) process. We will present remote ultrasonic TFM images of additive manufactured components made of aluminium, using Selective Laser Melting (SLM). LIPAs were synthesised under the base plate of the built, to demonstrate the capability for in situ process monitoring. The aluminium built incorporated six side through holes of 0.5-1mm diameter size, in its design, in order to simulate process occurring defects. These were located as deep as 25mm below the surface of the component and were successfully imaged using LIPAs. TFM images from transducer based phased arrays will also be presented to complement the analysis

Comparison and Consensus Guidelines for Delineation of Clinical Target Volume for CT- and MR-Based Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

To create and compare consensus clinical target volume (CTV) contours for computed tomography (CT) and 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance (MR) image-based cervical-cancer brachytherap