Estimating the Impact of California Tribal Gaming on Demand for Casino Gaming in Nevada

Since 1990, the California tribal casino industry has grown from a very small and insignificant industry to one with annual gross gaming revenues of about $7.5 billion per annum by 2009. Over this same period, Nevada\u27s gaming revenues grew from approximately$5.0 billion in 1990 to $10.4 billion in 2009, having declined from a peak of$12.8 billion in 2007. Much of the recent decline in Nevada and especially Las Vegas can be attributed to the severity of the economic recession of 2007-2009. However, the major Northern Nevada destination resorts of Reno and South Lake Tahoe had experienced substantial slowdowns or contraction of their gaming industries since the advent of California tribal gaming in the early 1990s, as measured in a number of ways, including number of gaming devices, employment, and gross gaming revenues adjusted for inflation. Las Vegas, on the other hand, had experienced substantial real growth over this same period, until the Great Recession of 2007-2009, at which point it experienced a dramatic reversal of fortune. This analysis estimates demand relationships for gaming activity in the major tourism markets in Northern and Southern Nevada, by specifying a number of variables that relate to the demand for gambling in these markets as well as noting monthly seasonal shifts. It also examines the competitive links between the expansion of California tribal gaming and the Nevada casino industry\u27s economic performance. Regression analysis is utilized to establish the relationship between the growth and expansion of tribal casinos in California and the expansion or contraction of gaming in Nevada\u27s major regions of Reno, Lake Tahoe, and the Las Vegas Strip

Tables of Aerodynamic Coefficients Obtained from Developed Newtonian Expressions for Complete and Partial Conic and Spheric Bodies at Combined Angles of Attack and Sideslip with Some Comparisons with Hypersonic Experimental Data

Closed-form expressions and tables composed from these expressions are presented for complete and partial conic and spheric bodies at combined angles of attack and sideslip in Newtonian flow. Aerodynamic coefficients of these bodies are tabulated for various body segments over a range of angles of attack from 1 deg to 85 deg and angles of sideslip from 0 deg to 15 deg. Some comparisons between Newtonian predictions and hypersonic experimental aerodynamic characteristics were made for conic bodies hawing various surface slopes, nose bluntnesses, and body cross sections to indicate the range of validity of the theory. In general, the theory is shown to agree quite well with experimental results for sharp-nose complete cones and for configurations hawing large blunted noses and steep surface slopes. However, agreement between theory and experiment generally is poor for the more slender, slightly blunted complete or half conic bodies and also for sharp-nose half conic bodies where real-flow phenomena such as forebody interference, viscous forces, leeward surface contributions, or leading-edge pressure reductions may have significant effect. The agreement between theory and experiment for the bodies considered can be improved by using the stagnation pressure coefficient behind a normal shock rather than 2 as the Newtonian coefficient, although for the sharp-nose half conic bodies there i s no theoretical justification for this modification

One-Dimensional Heat Conduction Through the Skin of a Vehicle upon Entering a Planetary Atmosphere at Constant Velocity and Entry Angle

Closed-form solutions of the one-dimensional heat-conduction equations for the flow of heat into a plate with a laminar boundary layer have been obtained for a configuration entering a planetary atmosphere with constant velocity and negative entry angle. The atmospheric density was assumed to obey an exponential law and the temperature was assumed constant initially. The solution is in the form of a Fourier series expansion which, for most practical applications, can be approximated by retaining only one term of the expression. The solution applies to the initial part of the entry before the maximum heating conditions are encountered

Sediment Management for Southern California Mountians, Coastal Plains and Shoreline. Part D: Special Inland Studies

In southern California the natural environmental system involves the continual relocation of sedimentary materials. Particles are eroded from inland areas where there is sufficient relief and, precipitation. Then, with reductions in hydraulic gradient along the stream course and at the shoreline, the velocity of surface runoff is reduced and there is deposition. Generally, coarse sand, gravel and larger particles are deposited near the base of the eroding surfaces (mountains and hills) and the finer sediments are deposited on floodplains, in bays or lagoons, and at the shoreline as delta deposits. Very fine silt and clay particles, which make up a significant part of the eroded material, are carried offshore where they eventually deposit in deeper areas. Sand deposited at the shoreline is gradually moved along the coast by waves and currents, and provides nourishment for local beaches. However, eventually much of this littoral material is also lost to offshore areas. Human developments in the coastal region have substantially altered the natural sedimentary processes, through changes in land use, the harvesting of natural resources (logging, grazing, and sand and gravel mining); the construction and operation of water conservation facilities and flood control structures; and coastal developments. In almost all cases these developments have grown out of recognized needs and have well served their primary purpose. At the time possible deleterious effects on the local or regional sediment balance were generally unforeseen or were felt to be of secondary importance. In 1975 a large-scale study of inland and coastal sedimentation processes in southern California was initiated by the Environmental Quality Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology and the Center for Coastal Studies at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This volume is one of a series of reports from this study. Using existing data bases, this series attempts to define quantitatively inland and coastal sedimentation processes and identify the effects man has had on these processes. To resolve some issues related to long-term sediment management, additional research and data will be needed. In the series there are four Caltech reports that provide supporting studies for the summary report (EQL Report No. 17). These reports include: EQL Report 17-A Regional Geological History EQL Report 17-B Inland Sediment Movements by Natural Processes EQL Report 17-C Coastal Sediment Delivery by Major Rivers in Southern California EQL Report 17-D -- Special Inland Studies Additional supporting reports on coastal studies (shoreline sedimentation processes, control structures, dredging, etc.) are being published by the Center for Coastal Studies at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California

Adaptive Control of Decouplable Systems and Nonlinear Flight Control Systems

This paper treats the question of output trajectory tracking in nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertainty. It is assumed that the nominal system is decouplable using state variable feedback. An adaptive control law is derived such that in the closed-loop system, output vector asymptotically converges to the given reference trajectory. The controller includes a dynamic system in the feedback path. This result is applied to design a flight control system to control roll angle, angle of attack and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers of aircraft

An Assessment of Water Sources Related to Major Systems of Agricultural Land Use in Kentucky

Recent years have seen a greater public concern about the quality of the nation\u27s water resources. While initial concerns targeted point source pollution, the emphasis in recent years has shifted to non-point source pollution, including the effect of general practices used by fanners in agricultural production systems. Since there was no reliable data base on such effects for Kentucky, the state\u27s General Assembly passed legislation during its 1990 session directing the University ofKentucky\u27s College of Agriculture (UK.CA) to assess the effect of agricultural practices on quality of the state\u27s waters. As part of the efforts undertaken by the UKCA in this regard, an assessment was made of water sources in major agricultural areas to determine the current level of water quality associated with agricultural practices in those areas. This information was needed to evaluate the question of concern: Do nonpoint agricultural practices such as fertilizer and herbicide use and grazing of pastures by livestock pose a threat to the quality of water potentially serving as human drinking water sources

Ecological integrity and western water management: a Colorado perspective

Sept. 1995.Includes bibliographical references

Systematic Analysis of Whole Exome Sequencing Determines RET G691S Polymorphism as Germline Variant in Melanoma

Abstract The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by glial cell derived neutrotrophic factor (GDNF). Previous studies have found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), RETp (G691S), in the juxtamembrane domain enhances the signaling pathway and promotes tumor growth by GDNF in pancreatic and thyroid cancer in addition to melanoma. It is uncertain however whether this SNP is a germline variant or somatic mutation. A prior study reported that the RETp variant was a germline SNP in desmoplastic and non-desmoplastic melanomas. In the present study, we examined both melanoma tissue samples and matching peripheral blood DNA to determine if RETp was 1) a germline or somatic variant, 2) more frequent in certain melanoma subtypes, and 3) frequency in brain metastasis. We examined the peripheral blood of 197 melanoma patients whom had at least one matched tumor, and 42 patients with brain metastasis. RETp was present as a germline SNP in 33% of patients. There were no significant differences in RETp frequency among the different melanoma subtypes, and RETp was not correlated with brain metastasis