Summary of malaria reports at health facilities, PNG (2011–2019).

Summary of malaria reports at health facilities, PNG (2011–2019).</p

The average annual malaria incidence per 1000 in catchment areas of 772 health facilities, PNG (2011–2019).

Annual incidences were calculated as sum of adjusted presumptive and confirmed (using light microscopy or mRDTs) cases and estimates of patients unseeking care, among the population in the catchment area of the health facility. Source of the map base layer: WFP-World Food Programme, 2019. Map created by the authors using a licensed ArcGIS Desktop 10.5 software from Esri (http://www.arcgis.com/).</p

The relationship between altitude and temperature suitability for malaria in PNG.

The dots represent duration of extrinsic incubation period (EIP) at the level of census wards of PNG: A) EIP for P. falciparum, and B) EIP for P. vivax.</p

Parameters used in EBK models for stratification of malaria incidence in general population and children under 15 years.

(DOCX)</p

Malaria risk strata using the average annual incidence of cases among the general population, PNG, 2011–2019.

Four strata interpolated using empirical Bayesian kriging at catchments of HFs: very low (200 cases per 1000). Source of the map base layer: WFP-World Food Programme, 2019. Map created by the authors using a licensed ArcGIS Desktop 10.5 software from Esri (http://www.arcgis.com/).</p

Administrative and elevation maps of Papua New Guinea.

a) Administrative regions and provinces of Papua New Guinea. b) The elevation map of Papua New Guinea. The map shows altitude at a 90m resolution with a height accuracy of one meter. PNG has a central mountain range ranging northeast to southwest along the main island of the country. Data source: Global 3D elevation model TanDEM-X. (DOCX)</p

Distribution of health facilities in Papua New Guinea.

Locations of 808 health facilities: HC = Health Centre; SC = Sub-Health Centre; CHP = Community Health Post; UC = Urban Clinic. Source of the map base layer: WFP-World Food Programme, 2019. Map created by the authors using a licensed ArcGIS Desktop 10.5 software from Esri (http://www.arcgis.com/).</p

Health facilities with few reported malaria cases in children < 15 years (on average, less than one case per monthly report) by altitude, PNG (2011–2019).

Health facilities with few reported malaria cases in children < 15 years (on average, less than one case per monthly report) by altitude, PNG (2011–2019).</p

Population distribution of PNG by province according to malaria incidence strata, 2019.

Population distribution of PNG by province according to malaria incidence strata, 2019.</p

Population distribution maps of PNG.

(DOCX)</p