Laminating Creosote-Treated Hardwoods

A study was conducted to investigate the bondability of four selected hardwood species after being treated with creosote. A completely randomized block factorial design was employed. Experimental factors included five wood species (chestnut oak, red oak, red maple, yellow-poplar, and southern pine), five adhesive systems (elevated temperature cure phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, room temperature cure phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, emulsion polymer isocyanate, and low-viscosity formulation emulsion polymer isocyanate) and two exposure levels (ambient room and vacuum/pressure/soak conditions). Exposure levels effects on the different wood species resulted in highly variable adhesive system performance. Exposure level effects were most evident for the higher density oaks. Shear strength and percent wood failure results for all wood species revealed a general trend towards a higher performance for the two phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde systems. Res-orcinol-based adhesive systems had the highest shear strength values. Percent wood failure values were highest for the elevated temperature cure phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde system for all species. Elevated temperature cure adhesive systems appeared to be required to successfully bond high-density creosote treated species. Successful bonding of medium-density species can be accomplished at room temperatures given proper adhesive system selection

‘Can you put down your mission and plug into mine?’ How place-based initiatives leverage collaborations with academic institutions to enhance their ABCD and CBR potential

Place-Based Initiatives (PBIs) involve efforts to mobilise and coordinate local resources, services and expertise across multiple organisations and sectors in order to strengthen the social, structural, physical and economic conditions of historically disinvested neighbourhoods. While promising, these initiatives have had some documented challenges, and some are leveraging partnerships with academic institutions to address those challenges. In this article, we explore perspectives of leaders and staff from three PBI organisations in Charlotte, NC to better understand the benefits of PBI-academic partnerships and the conditions under which they are most effective. Thematic analysis of 23 semi-structured interviews revealed that PBIs leverage partnerships with academic institutions to accomplish two key goals. First, these partnerships stimulate asset- based community development (ABCD) by connecting community organisations and neighbourhood residents with academic resources and by strengthening PBI service delivery. Second, some partnerships give rise to community-based research efforts that help address external accountability challenges and inform PBI programming. The findings also illuminated several pitfalls in academic-PBI partnerships, sometimes rooted in conflicting priorities and approaches of academic researchers and non-profit practitioners. Finally, insights delineate key recommendations for improving PBI-academic collaborations, including countering academic exploitation by plugging into PBIs’ mission and respecting PBI expertise

The Reliability Problem In Digital Computer Nets.

PhDElectrical engineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/182450/2/5903930.pd

On dynamic switching in one-dimensional iterative logic networks

A sequential iterative network (SITN) is a cascade of identical finite automata such that the ith automaton receives an xi input from the outside world and a yi input from its left neighbor, and produces a zi output to the outside world and a yi+1 output to its right neighbor. We prove three main theorems: (1) For every integer k there is a cell definition such that a corresponding SITN either can or cannot switch from equilibrium to a cycling condition (i.e., oscillation) following a single xi change according as n ≦ k or n > k, respectively; (2) there do not exist algorithms to tell whether a given cell definition admits of a SITN that can start from equilibrium and following a single xi change either (a) switch into a cycling condition, or (b) put out a zi = 1 during a switching transient; and (3) there do not exist algorithms to tell whether a given SITN cell definition must have every switching transient following a single xi change from equilibrium either (a) die out a bounded number of cells to the right of the change, or (b) extend all the way to the SITN boundary. All theorems are proved constructively on finite-state diagrams, and (2) and (3) hinge on an embedding of Minsky's Post Tag system results into such diagrams. We conclude with several iterative network equivalence demonstrations

Truck noise I-C -- pavement surface effects on the generation of truck tire noise. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of Noise Abatement, Washington, D.C.Mode of access: Internet.Author corporate affiliation: National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.Subject code: BESubject code: CDFSubject code: DEFSubject code: NCXCSubject code: NHSN*DPCSubject code: WU*NH

Effects of Management Strategy and Site on Specific Gravity of A Populus Hybrid Clone

Wood specific gravity was analyzed for second rotation four-year-old Populus hybrid NE-388 grown under four management strategies on two sites. Significant differences among management strategies at each site and for each management strategy between sites were evident. At both sites, the control and irrigations strategies produced coppice stems with higher average wood specific gravity values than fertilization and fertilization/irrigation stems. Between sites, the Morrison site produced average wood specific gravity values that were consistently higher than the Basher site for each management strategy. The specific gravity values were normally distributed across all sites and management strategies

Defining diversity in groupwork: A relational exploration

One of the basic assumptions underlying all traditional definitions is that diversity is a characteristic of an individual or a group, which is a problematic to groupwork. This paper explores Phases 1 and 2 of a multi-method research project exploring groupworkers’ understandings of diversity and how their perceptions impact their approach to group processes, with implications for group practice advancement. The project consists of sequential phases following a mixed-methods design. In the initial phase, in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted individually with 24 groupworkers. While the second phase (phase two) consisted of 4 focus groups involving theoretical and criterion sampling strategies to interview experienced therapeutically-oriented groupworkers in Western and Eastern Canada. The analysis was guided by Glaser and Strauss’s (1967) constant comparative method involving open-coding, followed by axial coding, and concluded with selective coding. Groupworkers reported feeling overwhelmed and, in some cases, “paralyzed” by the complex diversity present in their groups. These findings suggest attention to group diversity renders it potentially more relevant and salient. We also found the levels and complexity of diversity increased as the reflection by groupworkers deepened. In keeping with the traditional aims of groupwork, attending to diversity goes beyond the group to include responses to diversity in the organizational and community contexts. Dialogue and change in organizational responses to diversity is important in the areas of organizational climate, allocation of resources, and agency policy and procedures. Accordingly, offering groupworkers and members tools to attend and navigate diversity in situ is a first step towards recognizing its presence and importance. A critical step in moving forward is to examine the nuances of diversity and move beyond thinking of diversity in terms of demographic variables