Modified Bland-Altman tests comparing four IL-6 immunoassays.

<p><b>IL-6 concentrations</b>. IL-6 concentrations were standardized by calculating the z score using z = (x–μ)/σ, where x is the raw concentration, and μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of all concentrations for that assay. The limits of agreement are denoted by hatch marks representing the mean ± 2SD of the differences in measurements. Out of range values (LX n = 57, ULX n = 1, R&D n = 7, as reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030659#pone-0030659-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) were excluded from these analyses.</p

Pearson Correlations between four IL-6 assays.

<p>Pearson correlation coefficient, r; confidence interval, CI.</p

IL-6 protein calibrators of four immunoassays.

<p>IL-6 calibrators (standards) from MesoScale Discovery (• MSD), Invitrogen Luminex (▪ LX), and R&D High Sensitivity ELISA (▴ R&D), and Invitrogen Ultrasensitive Luminex (<b>×</b>ULX) were assayed using each of four manufacturers' kit components. Values represent duplicate measurement for MSD and R&D, and duplicate measures of at least 100 beads each for Luminex and Ultrasensitive Luminex.</p

Plasma glucose, insulin, and IL-6 during frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT).

<p>Plasma concentrations of glucose (▪) and insulin (▴) (defined by the left Y axis) and IL-6 as measured by Meso Scale Discovery (•) (defined by the right Y axis) are shown. Glucose (50%, 0.3 g/kg body mass) was infused at time zero, and insulin (0.025 U/kg body mass) was infused at 20 minutes. Measurements are mean (SD) for n = fourteen subjects; * p value<0.05; ** p value<0.01 as compared to baseline.</p

The Relationship between the Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise following Training and Detraining Periods

<div><p>Background</p><p>Exercise training lowers blood pressure (BP), while BP increases and returns to pre-training values with detraining. Yet, there is considerable variability in these BP responses. We examined the relationship between the BP responses after 6 months of training followed by 2 weeks of detraining among the same people.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Subjects (n = 75) (X<u>+</u>SD, 50.2±10.6 yr) were sedentary, obese, and had prehypertension. They completed an aerobic (n = 34); resistance (n = 28); or aerobic + resistance or concurrent (n = 13) exercise training program. We calculated a metabolic syndrome <i>z</i> score (MetSz). Subjects were classified as BP responders (BP decreased) or non-responders (BP increased) to training and detraining. Linear and multivariable regression tested the BP response. Chi Square tested the frequency of responders and non-responders. The systolic BP (SBP, r = −0.474) and diastolic (DBP, r = −0.540) response to training negatively correlated with detraining (p<0.01), independent of modality (p>0.05). Exercise responders reduced SBP 11.5±7.8 (n = 29) and DBP 9.8±6.2 mmHg (n = 31); non-responders increased SBP 7.9.±10.9 (n = 46) and DBP 4.9±7.1 mmHg (n = 44) (p<0.001). We found 65.5% of SBP training responders were SBP detraining non-responders; while 60.9% of SBP training non-responders were SBP detraining responders (p = 0.034). Similarly, 80.6% of DBP training responders were DBP detraining non-responders; while 59.1% of DBP training non-responders were DBP detraining responders (p<0.001). The SBP detraining response (r = −0.521), resting SBP (r = −0.444), and MetSz (r = 0.288) explained 44.8% of the SBP training response (p<0.001). The DBP detraining response (r = −0.553), resting DBP (r = −0.450), and MetSz (r = 0.463) explained 60.1% of the DBP training response (p<0.001).</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>As expected most subjects that decreased BP after exercise training, increased BP after detraining. An unanticipated finding was most subjects that increased BP after exercise training, decreased BP after detraining. Reasons why the negative effects of exercise training on BP maybe reversed with detraining among some people should be explored further.</p><p>Trial Registration Information</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT00275145&Search=Search" target="_blank">1R01HL57354; 2003–2008; NCT00275145</a></p></div

Baseline participant characteristics.

<p>Baseline participant characteristics.</p

The effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity in participants with at least modest weight loss (≥3%) and those that did not (<3%).

<p>*significant difference compared to no weight loss condition. LAMI: Low amount/low intensity, LAHI: Low amount/high intensity, HAHI: High amount/high intensity.</p

The effect of exercise training with at least modest weight loss (≥3%) compared to those that did not (<3%) on lipid variables.

<p>The effect of exercise training with at least modest weight loss (≥3%) compared to those that did not (<3%) on lipid variables.</p

Baseline characteristics, percent weight loss and interventional data in participants who achieved at least modest weight loss (≥ 3%) following the intervention compared to those that did not (<3%).

<p>Baseline characteristics, percent weight loss and interventional data in participants who achieved at least modest weight loss (≥ 3%) following the intervention compared to those that did not (<3%).</p

Correlates of the blood pressure response after versus before 6 months of exercise training.

<p>SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MetS z score; metabolic syndrome z score.</p><p>Correlates of the blood pressure response after versus before 6 months of exercise training.</p