Optimization of the basic number (right) and the position of NORs (left) in Cophomantini on a condensed phylogenetic hypothesis resulting from the analyses of Faivovich et al. [21] and Duellman et al. [7].

<p>Optimization of the basic number (right) and the position of NORs (left) in Cophomantini on a condensed phylogenetic hypothesis resulting from the analyses of Faivovich et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192861#pone.0192861.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>] and Duellman et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192861#pone.0192861.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>].</p

Idiograms with DAPI-CMA₃ bands present in the species of <i>Boana</i> and <i>Hyloscirtus</i> studied in this paper.

<p>Scale indicates percentage relative size of chromosome pairs.</p

Triploid specimen of <i>Boana pulchella</i> (LGE 11504).

<p><b>A</b>. Giemsa stained karyotype. <b>B.</b> C banded pattern. <b>C.</b> Meiotic cell in metaphase I stage. <b>D.</b> Normal spermatid (<b>I</b>) and abnormal microspermatid (<b>II</b>).</p

C banding pattern in karyotypes of the <i>Boana faber</i> and <i>B</i>. <i>pulchella</i> groups.

<p><b>A.</b><i>B</i>. <i>faber</i>. <b>B.</b><i>B</i>. <i>cipoensis</i>. <b>C.</b><i>B</i>. <i>curupi</i>. <b>D.</b><i>B</i>. <i>stellae</i>. <b>E.</b><i>B</i>. <i>albonigra</i>. <b>F.</b><i>B</i>. <i>riojana</i>. <b>G.</b><i>B</i>. <i>marianitae</i>. <b>H.</b><i>B</i>. <i>bischoffi</i>. <b>I.</b><i>B</i>. <i>cordobae</i>. <b>J.</b><i>B</i>. <i>pulchella</i>. <b>K.</b><i>B</i>. <i>caingua</i>.</p

Studied species and the cytogenetic techniques applied for each one.

<p>Studied species and the cytogenetic techniques applied for each one.</p

Karyotypes of three species of <i>Hyloscirtus</i>.

<p><i>Hyloscirtus alytolylax</i> (left), <i>H</i>. <i>palmeri</i> (center), and <i>H</i>. <i>larinopygion</i> (right). <b>A, B.</b> Giemsa staining. <b>C, D.</b> C-bands. <b>E, F.</b> CMA₃. <b>G, H.</b> DAPI. Squares show NOR-bearing chromosome pairs as stained by the silver impregnation technique (<b>I</b>), and with FISH using a 18S DNA probe (<b>II</b>).</p