Invitation of Echoes: Part One

Four strangers are stranded in an old farmhouse by a winter storm. Gilley lives on the farm. Shadows move of their own volition on the farm, and Gilley talks to echoes and sees the dead reflected in mirrors. Gilley\u27s husband, Frank, disappeared over forty years ago. Jason is a college student who seeks Gilley out for an interview. He agrees to help Gilley find Frank. Jesse is a young boy who finds his way to the house after an accident. August is a private investigator whom Jason calls for help in finding Frank. August does not have a shadow nor a reflection of his own, and he can\u27t remember how he lost them. Each wants something that only the others can provide, but each wants to keep their own secrets

Invitation of Echoes: Part One

Four strangers are stranded in an old farmhouse by a winter storm. Gilley lives on the farm. Shadows move of their own volition on the farm, and Gilley talks to echoes and sees the dead reflected in mirrors. Gilley\u27s husband, Frank, disappeared over forty years ago. Jason is a college student who seeks Gilley out for an interview. He agrees to help Gilley find Frank. Jesse is a young boy who finds his way to the house after an accident. August is a private investigator whom Jason calls for help in finding Frank. August does not have a shadow nor a reflection of his own, and he can\u27t remember how he lost them. Each wants something that only the others can provide, but each wants to keep their own secrets

Studies on the comparative physiology of the heart

From the time of Harvey until the middle of the nineteenth century practically nothing that was fundamental had been added to our knowledge of the physiology of the heart - a circumstance which is the more remarkable considering the stimulus to investigation in this very field which the publication of Harvey's immortal work should have afforded. The mid-nineteenth century, however, saw the commencement of investigations along several distinct lines, the results of which were to lead to a greater advance in our knowledge of the heart in the succeeding sixty years than previous hundreds had witnessed. This new era, which we may take as having been initiated by the work of Remak, Stannius and the brothers Weber, has continued to the present day, and as it concerns aspects of cardiac physiology with which it is the business of this paper to deal the question of the cause of the heart beat and of the cause of the effects produced by the extrinsic regulatory nerves.The rapid and indeed sensational advance of endocrinology and the consequent demonstration of the comparatively simple chemical basis of some of the most complicated of physiological processes led to the evolution of a new views point and a new technique in physiological research - hormonic, indeed, in more senses than one. Investigations in this new field by this new technique left practically no organ in the body untouched and so the heart, in common with the other organs, came in for its due share of attention.Soon after the appearance of Loewi's work, which will be reviewed in a later section of this paper, articles appeared almost simultaneously from three different laboratories describing experiments which were interpreted as showing that the rhythmicity of cardiac tissue was due to the action on the otherwise non- rhythmic myocardium of substances r,roduced by, or at least acting through, the special (nodal) system of the heart.Thus Demoor, Professor of Physiology in the University of Brussels, showed that non-rhythmic portions of mammalian cardiac muscle could be made to beat rhythmically if bathed in Locke solution to which had been added an extract of the sinoauricular node, and he concluded from this that the automatic rhythmicity of the heart was dependent on the continuous action on the myocardium of what he called the "substances actives", produced by the sinoauricular node, and, as demonstrated later, found also in the node of Tawara, bundle of His, and the Purkinje tissue of the subendocardium.Haberlandt, of Innsbruck, working independently of Demoor and in ignorance of the latter's work, showed that the sinus venosus of the frog's heart produced a substance - " Herzhormon" - which would initiate rhythmic contractions in the long perfused and quiescent frog ventricle, and to which therefore the normal automaticity of the heart was presumed to be due.Finally, Zwaardemaker, of Utrecht, working mainly with the eel's heart, came to the conclusion as a result of experiments commenced as far back as 1916, that the automaticity of cardiac tissue was due to .the presence in the heart of substances which he called "Automatins" which were produced in various parts of the body by the action of the ß rays of potassium on an inactive precursor which he called "automatinogen ". These automatins were supposed to be concentrated in the special system of the heart, and to work, as it were, from this system as a base.Thus was initiated what has now generally come to be known as the work on the "heart hormones" - an inaccurate though convenient term by which to designate the various substances described by the different workers.It is the purpose of this paper to review the work of each of the three schools, to add the author's own observations, to discuss the whole critically, and, if possible, assess the value and significance of this work

Contributions to the study of histamine antagonists in man: (with additional papers)

The main part of this thesis consists, firstly, of a series of papers illustrating the development of the writer's quantitative approach to the study of the action of histamine antagonists in man; and, secondly, of a note concerning trials of antihistaminics, followed by the description of a pilot trial of one of these drugs. Some repetition has been unavoidable in the published accounts.The supporting part of the thesis consists of two papers, in order of their publication. The first describes some early work on the mode of action of autonomic nerves, and is followed by a short addendum. The second, and more important contribution, deals with the inactivation of adrenaline - thought, at that time, to be the transmitter of adrenergic nerve effects. It is followed by a short addendum extending some of the observations to various mammals, including man. The war interrupted this work, but it was resumed, and extended to include noradrenaline, when that substance became available. A second addendum summarises some of the more recent observations.This work, on histamine antagonists and on adrenaline and noradrenaline, is being continued. Some of the methods developed in it are being success- fully applied to related fields, both by the writer and by some of his pupils

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS-POWER OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO EXPEND PUBLIC FUNDS FOR MUNICIPAL ADVERTISING

A statute allowed any city to set aside a certain amount annually from the general tax fund, which money might be expended under the direction and control of the city council for the purpose of aiding and encouraging the location of industry and other purposes which would increase the population, taxable property, and business prospects of the city. The Burlington City Council appropriated $2,000 to the Chamber of Commerce, a private non-profit corporation, which was organized for the purpose of advancing the commercial, civic, industrial, and monetary interests of the city. No specification was, made as to use, and the Chamber of Commerce used it for general expenses. Plaintiff demanded that the Chamber of Commerce restore the money and that the City Council bring an action to recover it. On refusal, plaintiff brought a taxpayer\u27s action1 against the Chamber of Commerce and a judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff. On appeal, held, affirmed. Expenditure of the funds was left to the discretion of the Chamber of Commerce rather than that of the City Council as required by law and was therefore illegal. Horner v. Chamber of Commerce of the City of Burlington, Inc., (N. C. 1952) 68 S. E. (2d) 660

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS-EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS ACCRUING FROM PARKING METERS

Panama City proposed to issue bonds to finance the reconstruction, paving, and improvement of city streets. The bonds were to be secured by and payable from the revenue of the city\u27s parking meters. A petition for validation of the bond issue was submitted and was refused. On appeal, held, affirmed. The city may not use the revenue from the parking meters to finance the reconstruction, paving and improvement of streets since this bears no reasonable relation to the regulation of parking and is therefore an illegal exercise of the police power. Panama City v. State, (Fla. 1952) 60 S. (2d) 658

CORPORATIONS-APPOINTMENT OF RECEIVER SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BRINGING SUIT

An ex parte petition was filed by a minority stockholder of a foreign corporation requesting the appointment of a special receiver for certain claims of the corporation against resident fiduciaries. The claims, which had not been prosecuted by the corporation, were about to be barred by the statute of limitations. A receiver was appointed and brought suit. The corporation appeared specially requesting that the order be set aside. Held, motion denied. A court of equity has inherent power to appoint a receiver for the assets of a foreign corporation in an ex parte proceeding instituted by a minority stockholder. Application of Burge, (N.Y. 1952) 118 N.Y.S. (2d) 23

Civil Procedure - Judgments - Exceptions to the Rule of Res Judicata

A land contract provided for a conveyance to Pearson from Adams and his wife. The wife was not a party to the contract and refused to execute the deed. Pearson sought specific performance requesting relief of a type not then available in Illinois and when asked if he would accept a deed from Adams alone, he refused. The action was dismissed. Adams then brought this action in ejectment and Pearson counterclaimed requesting a deed executed by Adams alone. The trial court found that the judgment in the previous action was res judicata as to the counterclaim. On appeal, held, reversed. The equities in favor of Pearson so far outweighed the basic policies of res judicata that the counterclaim was not barred. Adams v. Pearson, 411 Ill. 431, 104 N.E. (2d) 267 (1952)